[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-665612-105":59,"doc-detail-665612-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","evaluation-of-relation-between-rainfall-and-el-nino-phenomena-in-iran","Evaluation of Relation between Rainfall and El Nino Phenomena in Iran","","El Nino effects on rainfall in Iran are evaluated using annual rainfall data from selected rain-gauging stations covering El Nino years from 1973 to 2012. Annual rainfall for years with and without El Nino is compared and analyzed, showing a statistically significant correlation at the 0.01 level. Percentage-frequency of rainfalls influenced by warm ENSO conditions is then derived, revealing increased annual rainfall across the Iran plateau from south to north, with less pronounced increases in coastal areas.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluation-of-relation-between-rainfall-and-el-nino-phenomena-in-iran/665612/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluation-of-relation-between-rainfall-and-el-nino-phenomena-in-iran/665612.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Noah","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What rainfall data range and stations are used in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Annual rainfall data from selected rain gauging stations are used for the years when El Nino occurred, spanning 1973–2012.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the study assess the relationship between El Nino and rainfall?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It compares annual rainfall of years with and without El Nino and then analyzes the results, where correlation is reported as significant at the 0.01 level.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What regional rainfall pattern does the study find across Iran?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"El Nino increases rainfall across the Iran plateau from south to north, while coastal areas show less increase.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},665612,1793305212,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},8796095462418,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780","IARS' International Research Journal ISSN: 2202-2821  \n[iars.researth@gmail.com](iars.researth@gmail.com)  \nInternational Association of Research Scholars  \nAustralia  \nGHOLIZADEH, M. H.  \nEvaluation of Relation between Rainfall and El Nino Phenomena in Iran IARS' International Research Journal, vol. 5, núm. 1, febrero, 2015 , pp. 1-12 International Association of Research Scholars Victoria, Australia  \nAvailable in: [https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=663873397003](https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=663873397003)  \n How to cite  \n Complete issue  \n More information about this article  \n Journal's homepage in [redalyc.org](redalyc.org)  \nScientific Information System  \nNetwork of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative  \nEvaluation of Relation between Rainfall and El Nino Phenomena in Iran  \nM.H. GHOLIZADEH  \nIARS' International Research Jorurnal. International Association of Research Scholars, 08 Feb. 2015. Web. 08  \nFeb. 2015.  \n[http://irj.iars.info/index.php/8280](http://irj.iars.info/index.php/8280)  \n0501201501  \nEvaluation of Relation between  \nRainfall and El Nino Phenomena  \nin Iran  \nM.H. GHOLIZADEH  \nABSTRACT – In this study El Nino effects on rainfall in Iran is evaluated. Annual rainfall data of the selected rain gauging stations for the years when El Nino phenomenon has taken place (1973-2012), have been picked up. Next, annual rainfall of the years with and without El Nino phenomenon were compared and then analyzed (correlation is significant at the 0.01 level). Finally, percentage-frequency of the rainfalls influenced by warm Enso condition was obtained. Regarding that El Nino has different affect on rainfall under different regions of the world, the results approved that El Nino, increases rainfall across Iran plateau as annual rainfall is increased from south to north. While less increasing of rainfall is seen for coastal area. Results showed that El Nino causes increasing of annual rainfall in Iran.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe term of El Nino phenomenon is used to some annual warm transoceanic current that flows southward right in prolongation of Peru and Ecuador coasts on Christmas time.  \nThis flow changes local and regional ecology because of its unusual spread heat (Trenberth & Hoar, 1990 – 1995) . In La Nina conditions when adverse impacts of El Nino happen, as a result Walker's circulation and trade winds strengthens. Polar Jetstream moderately flows from 45 degree northern latitude towards Siberia and south Asia in warm phases. While in cold phases the current flows from 50 degree northern latitude towards east. Earth atmosphere is a unique system; its mechanism affects the earth surface and uppermost atmospheric layers (Alijani, 2006), so dominant land and oceans conditions affect atmospheric phenomena and elements fluctuations. Land and atmosphere relationships control climate and weather in large scales. Seas and oceans spread on most parts of the earth and because of specific heat, thermal capacity and proper conductance; they can transfer their dominant meteorological conditions and parameters to other seas or oceanic and lands. As a result they affect the climate  \nparameters and atmospheric fluctuations. That's why the investigation on El Nino phenomenon and its relationship to rainfall importance in aspects of meteorology and environmentalism; furthermore it has social economic impacts everywhere. Many studies  \nhas been made about the relationship between El Nino and rainfall patterns, floods, rivers etc in many parts of the world such as south Africa, Australia and the Indian subcontinent.(Markham and Mclain, 1997, Lindesay et al, 1986, Quinn and Neal, 1987,Semazzi et al1988, Famer, 1901-1984, Kiladis and Dias, 1090, Wolter 1989, Chamberlain, 1995, Halpert and Ropeleweski, 1992, Camberlin, 1997, Nicholson and Kim, 1997, Ward, 1998,Vuille et al, 2000, Mosely, 2000, Kane, 2000, Tarras et ","cbCainURJEvXRq9l","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainURJEvXRq9l","pdf",1326414,13,"English","# ABSTRACT\n# INTRODUCTION","[{\"question\":\"What rainfall data range and stations are used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Annual rainfall data from selected rain gauging stations are used for the years when El Nino occurred, spanning 1973–2012.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study assess the relationship between El Nino and rainfall?\",\"answer\":\"It compares annual rainfall of years with and without El Nino and then analyzes the results, where correlation is reported as significant at the 0.01 level.\"},{\"question\":\"What regional rainfall pattern does the study find across Iran?\",\"answer\":\"El Nino increases rainfall across the Iran plateau from south to north, while coastal areas show less increase.\"}]","Evaluation of Relation between Rainfall and El Nino Phenomena in Iran | PDF",33]