[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-598357-105":59,"doc-detail-598357-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","evaluation-of-program-costs-for-implementing-a-self-determination-intervention-using-the-ingredients-method","Evaluation of Program Costs for Implementing a Self-Determination Intervention Using the Ingredients Method","","The study estimates the cost of implementing the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI), an evidence-based practice for secondary transition, at scale across 17 U.S. school districts. Implementation targeted 340 transition-age adolescents with intellectual disability to enhance self-determination and transition goal attainment outcomes. Using the ingredients method, the study identifies essential SDLMI ingredients in typical high school settings, assigns and describes the costs of needed ingredients, and calculates an average one-year cost of $40,221.26, or $118.30 per student. Findings inform decision-makers on minimizing costs while maximizing effects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluation-of-program-costs-for-implementing-a-self-determination-intervention-using-the-ingredients-method/598357/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluation-of-program-costs-for-implementing-a-self-determination-intervention-using-the-ingredients-method/598357.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mafia Boss","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study estimate and how is the estimate calculated?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study estimates the cost of implementing SDLMI at scale and calculates an average one-school-year cost using the ingredients method.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is SDLMI and what outcomes does it target?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"SDLMI is an evidence-based instructional framework that supports students in setting goals, planning and acting to achieve them, and monitoring progress to enhance self-determination and transition goal attainment outcomes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the study emphasize opportunity costs in implementing self-determination instruction?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The document explains that using instructional time for self-determination can limit time for other content, creating opportunity costs; SDLMI can reduce these costs when it aligns with routine instruction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},598357,1792191314,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090760730,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Evaluation of Program Costs for Implementing a Self-Determination Intervention Using the Ingredients Method  \nGraham G. Rifenbark, PhD 1, Tyler A. Hicks, PhD2,  \nKathryn M. Burke, PhD3, Rebecca E. Swinburne Romine, PhD 1, Kandace K. Fleming, PhD 1, and Karrie A. Shogren, PhD2  \nCareer Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals  \n2023, Vol. 46(3) 133–141  \n© Hammill Institute on Disabilities 2022 Article reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/21651434221130295](DOI: 10.1177/21651434221130295)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/21651434221130295)[cdtei.sagepub.com](cdtei.sagepub.com)  \nAbstract  \nIn this study, we estimated the cost of implementing the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI), an evidence-based practice in secondary transition, at scale in [17 U.S. school](17 U.S. school) districts to enhance self-determination and transition goal attainment outcomes among 340 transition-age adolescents with intellectual disability. An advantage of the SDLMI is that it can be overlaid upon any curriculum and, therefore, can minimize opportunity costs for self-determination instruction. Using the ingredients method, the current study: (a) identified and described the essential ingredients of SDLMI implementation in typical high school settings, (b) assigned and described the cost of needed ingredients, and (c) calculated a generalizable estimate of the average cost of using the SDLMI with 340 students for one school year across 17 school districts to be $40,221.26 (or $118.30 per student). We discuss how decision-makers considering using the SDLMI in their context can minimize costs while maximizing effects on transition goal attainment outcomes. Several implications of these findings for the field of transition are also described.  \nKeywords  \ncost analysis, self-determination, intervention, economic evaluation  \nThere is natural variance in levels of self-determination among students with disabilities, with higher levels of selfdetermination predicting postschool success (Mazzottiet al., 2021) . Decades of accumulating research on selfdetermination further document that instruction in selfselected goal attainment can help students acquire higher levels of enduring self-determination (Shogren, Wehmeyer, Palmer, et al., 2015) . An evidence-based practice (EBP) for promoting self-determination is the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI; Rowe et al., 2021; Shogren, Raley, et al., 2018; Wehmeyer et al., 2000), an instructional framework for supporting students to set goals, plan and take action to achieve their goals, and monitor and evaluate progress toward their goals. However, there remain ongoing challenges in implementing the SDLMI in highschool settings (Shogren et al., 2021), which the recent COVID-19 pandemic disruptions have only exacerbated. Even in the face of challenges, the need for more self-determination instruction has never been greater (Rowe et al., 2021) .  \nOne of the most important considerations for schools in implementing self-determination instruction is the cost. By  \nimplementing self-determination instruction, instructional  \ntime is locked up, hence, incurring so-called “opportunity costs.” Broadly defined, opportunity costs refer to the notion that once resources are used in one manner, they cannot be repurposed in another manner. Opportunity costs can be high when educators have little instructional time to spare (e.g., teachers might fear that more time on selfdetermination instruction means less time on key content areas) . One solution to offset concerns about these opportunity costs is the SDLMI (Shogren, Raley, et al., 2018) . This approach to self-determination instruction allows a trained facilitator—in this study, a special educator—to overlay self-determination instruction onto routine instruction that they would normally cover (i.e., business-as-usual [BAU]  \n1 University of","cbCaibjmAfnhLQJt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibjmAfnhLQJt","pdf",441213,"English","# Abstract\n## Cost estimation with the ingredients method\n## Key SDLMI ingredients and costs\n## Average implementation cost and implications","[{\"question\":\"What does the study estimate and how is the estimate calculated?\",\"answer\":\"The study estimates the cost of implementing SDLMI at scale and calculates an average one-school-year cost using the ingredients method.\"},{\"question\":\"What is SDLMI and what outcomes does it target?\",\"answer\":\"SDLMI is an evidence-based instructional framework that supports students in setting goals, planning and acting to achieve them, and monitoring progress to enhance self-determination and transition goal attainment outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the study emphasize opportunity costs in implementing self-determination instruction?\",\"answer\":\"The document explains that using instructional time for self-determination can limit time for other content, creating opportunity costs; SDLMI can reduce these costs when it aligns with routine instruction.\"}]","Evaluation of Program Costs for Implementing a Self-Determination Intervention Using the Ingredients Method | PDF",1792086783,23]