[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-344695-105":59,"doc-detail-344695-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","evaluation-of-indigo-naturalis-prepared-using-a-novel-method-anti-inflammatory-activities-against-colonic-cancer-cell-lines","Evaluation of Indigo Naturalis Prepared Using a Novel Method - Anti-Inflammatory Activities Against Colonic Cancer Cell Lines","","Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease in which long-term inflammation of colonic tissues is closely linked to cancerous transformation. Indigo naturalis prepared using a novel method (NIN) has shown beneficial effects on inflammatory and cancerous colonic cells, but the mechanism remained unclear. This study used the HT-29 colonic cancer cell line to model an inflammatory cancer state, finding that NIN reduced pro-inflammatory IL-1β, restored MUC2-mediated mucin secretion function, and inhibited HT-29 proliferation. Mechanistic experiments indicated that NIN activates AhR signaling to upregulate Rnf43, suppress β-catenin/Wnt signaling, and downregulate Axin2 and Lgr5, with effects blocked by the AhR antagonist CH223191.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluation-of-indigo-naturalis-prepared-using-a-novel-method-anti-inflammatory-activities-against-colonic-cancer-cell-lines/344695/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluation-of-indigo-naturalis-prepared-using-a-novel-method-anti-inflammatory-activities-against-colonic-cancer-cell-lines/344695.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Patrick","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What effect does NIN have on inflammatory cancer cells in this study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"NIN reduces increased IL-1β expression and attenuates the inflammatory response in the inflammatory cancer state.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does NIN influence mucin secretion and MUC2 levels?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"NIN elevates low MUC2 expression in the inflammatory cancer state and restores mucin secretion function.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What mechanism explains the action of NIN in UC-related inflammation?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"NIN activates AhR signaling, which inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing Rnf43 and reducing β-catenin downstream targets; the effects are blocked by the AhR antagonist CH223191.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},344695,1790154885,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Wiley  \nMediators of Inflammation  \nVolume 2026, Article ID 1141244, 11 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/mi/1141244](https://doi.org/10.1155/mi/1141244)  \nResearch Article  \nEvaluation of Indigo Naturalis Prepared Using a Novel Method: Anti-Inflammatory Activities Against Colonic Cancer Cell Lines  \nXianxiang Xu , Lin Lin , Wenjie Ning , Xinyi Zhou , Aftab Ullah ,  \nXiaoping Huang , Huiyong Yang , Xunxun Wu , and Yong Diao   \nSchool of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 269 Chenghua North Road, Quanzhou 362021, China  \nCorrespondence should be addressed to Xianxiang Xu; [xuxianxiang@hqu.edu.cn](xuxianxiang@hqu.edu.cn)  \nReceived 9 March 2025; Revised 6 December 2025; Accepted 12 December 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Coman Cristin  \nCopyright © 2026 Xianxiang Xu et al. Mediators of Inflammation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancerous transformation of UC is closely associated with chronic inflammation of colonic tissues. Indigo naturalis (IN) prepared using a novel method (NIN) has exhibited beneficial efficacy against inflammatory and cancerous colonic cells. However, the underlying mechanism still remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to construct an inflammation model by the HT-29 colonic cancer cell line and to investigate the effect of NIN on an inflammatory cancer state and the possible mechanism. The results showed that NIN could reduce the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the inflammatory cancer cells and attenuate the inflammatory response; elevate the low expression of MUC2 in the inflammatory cancer state and restore the mucin secretion function; and inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells. Based on the activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway, NIN increases the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor Rnf43, inhibits the expression of nonphosphorylated β-catenin, and reduces the level of the pathway downstream target gene Axin2, which in turn inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inhibits the expression of Lgr5, a stem cell gene of colorectal cancer (CAC) . The production of the above effects of NIN was blocked by the AhR antagonist CH223191 . The in vitro studies verified that NIN alleviated UC by activing AhR signaling pathway, which in turn inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The possible mechanism of NIN on UC could be explained starting from the inflammation-cancer transformation. Furthermore, comprehensive research is expected between inflammation and cancer development.  \nKeywords: aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); indigo naturalis prepared using a novel method (NIN); inflammation-cancer transformation; ulcerative colitis  \n1. Introduction  \nUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which is characterized with a wide range of lesions, a tendency to recur, and a tendency to become cancerous [1, 2] . Transformation of UC to cancer is strongly associated with chronic inflammation in colonic tissues, and patients with chronic UC are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CAC)[3, 4]. Inflammatory stress at the site, and the presence of intestinal microbiota and cytokines contribute to the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and  \ncolitis-associated CAC [5, 6] . The patients face an increased risk of developing CAC. In Asian UC patients, malignant transformation typically begins 10–20 years post-diagnosis, whereas in North American CAC patients, the risk significantly escalates after 30 years [7] . Effectively managing chronic inflammation and mucosal damage in UC is vital to mitigate the risk of cancerous transformation [8] . Despite advances, controlling this progression remains a significant challenge in UC treatment [9] .  ","cbCaiobNft6rGVw0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiobNft6rGVw0","pdf",798232,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Ulcerative colitis and cancer transformation\n## Traditional Chinese medicine and Indigo Naturalis (IN)\n## Role of AhR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling\n## Study objective and approach","[{\"question\":\"What effect does NIN have on inflammatory cancer cells in this study?\",\"answer\":\"NIN reduces increased IL-1β expression and attenuates the inflammatory response in the inflammatory cancer state.\"},{\"question\":\"How does NIN influence mucin secretion and MUC2 levels?\",\"answer\":\"NIN elevates low MUC2 expression in the inflammatory cancer state and restores mucin secretion function.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanism explains the action of NIN in UC-related inflammation?\",\"answer\":\"NIN activates AhR signaling, which inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing Rnf43 and reducing β-catenin downstream targets; the effects are blocked by the AhR antagonist CH223191.\"}]","Evaluation of Indigo Naturalis Prepared Using a Novel Method - Anti-Inflammatory Activities Against Colonic Cancer Cell Lines | PDF",1790054956,28]