[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-420331-105":59,"doc-detail-420331-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","evaluating-the-reproductive-impact-of-pembrolizumab-in-mice-ovarian-function-and-hormonal-changes","Evaluating the Reproductive Impact of Pembrolizumabin Mice - Ovarian Function and Hormonal Changes","","Pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor in cancer therapy, has immune-related adverse effects, while its influence on female reproductive health remains unclear. This preclinical mouse study assessed ovarian function and hormonal balance after pembrolizumab exposure. Twenty-four Swiss albino mice were assigned to acute or chronic groups with pembrolizumab or saline controls, then evaluated by superovulation, serum ELISA for estradiol, FSH, LH and AMH, and histologic follicle counts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluating-the-reproductive-impact-of-pembrolizumab-in-mice-ovarian-function-and-hormonal-changes/420331/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluating-the-reproductive-impact-of-pembrolizumab-in-mice-ovarian-function-and-hormonal-changes/420331.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the main goal of evaluating pembrolizumab in mice?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To determine how pembrolizumab affects ovarian function and hormonal balance in a mouse model, focusing on key reproductive hormones and follicle counts.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the mice treated and which hormones were measured?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Twenty-four Swiss albino mice were divided into acute and chronic groups, each with a pembrolizumab-treated and saline-control subgroup. After superovulation, serum estradiol, FSH, LH, and AMH were measured by ELISA.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What reproductive effects were observed after pembrolizumab administration?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Pembrolizumab-treated mice showed significantly reduced estradiol levels and higher primordial follicle counts were seen in control groups. In chronic groups, LH differed between controls and pembrolizumab-treated mice, while FSH and AMH showed no significant differences.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},420331,1790775593,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","doi: 10.21873/invivo.14184  \nEvaluating the Reproductive Impact of Pembrolizumabin Mice: Ovarian Function and Hormonal Changes  \nBENGÜ MUTLUSÜTCÜOĞLU1, OSMANSÜTCÜOĞLU2, BETÜL ÖĞÜT3, ORHUNAKDOĞAN2,  \nÇAĞNUR ELPEN KODAZ4, CANANYILMAZ5, ÖZLEM ERDEM3, ELVANANADOL6 and NURIYE ÖZDEMIR2  \n1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye;  \n2 Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye;  \n3 Department of Pathology, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye;  \n4 Department of Family Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edabali University, Bilecik, Türkiye;  \n5 Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye;  \n6 Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Aim: Pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor used in cancer therapy, is associated with immunerelated adverse effects, yet its impact on female reproductive health remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pembrolizumab on ovarian function and hormonal balance in a mouse model.  \nMaterials and Methods: Twenty-four Swiss albino mice were divided into acute and chronic groups, each comprising a pembrolizumab-treated and a saline-control subgroup (n=6 per subgroup) . All mice underwent a superovulation protocol, and serum levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and antiMüllerian hormone (AMH) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Ovarian tissues were evaluated histologically for follicular counts, including primordial, preantral, and secondary follicles.  \nResults: Estradiol levels were significantly reduced in pembrolizumab-treated mice compared with controls (p=0.007) . Significantly higher levels of LH were observed in the chronic control group compared to the chronic pembrolizumabtreated group (p=0.023), while FSH and AMH levels did not differ significantly (p=0.461 and p=0.460, respectively) . Primordial follicle counts were significantly higher in control groups than in pembrolizumab-treated groups (p=0.009) . Conclusion: Pembrolizumab administration in mice led to reduced estradiol levels and diminished primordial follicle counts, indicating potential adverse effects on ovarian reserve. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating reproductive risks in female patients receiving immunotherapy.  \nKeywords: Pembrolizumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors, ovarian reserve, estradiol, reproductive toxicity, female fertility, preclinical study.  \n.Gynsutcaueocoglloug@ys,Anaglikkara Atgov tartürk Sanatoryum Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkiye. Tel: +90 3122025825, e-mail:  \nBengü Mutlu Sütcüoğlu (ORCID iD: [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-1719](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-1719)), MD, Department of Obstetrics and  \nReceived August 24, 2025 | Revised September 28, 2025 | Accepted October 8, 2025  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n©2026 The Author(s) . Anticancer Research is published by the International Institute of Anticancer Research.  \nIntroduction  \nImmunotherapies have emerged as fundamental elements in modern oncology treatment, dramatically altering the treatment landscape by increasing overall survival ratesand generally inducing fewer side-effects than traditional chemotherapy does. These therapies employ monoclonal antibodies to target critical immune checkpoint regulators, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), its ligand PD-L1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 (CTLA4) . These checkpoints normally act to reduce immune responses and promote immune tolerance (1). By blocking PD1, PD-L1, or CTLA4, checkpoint inhibitors increase the activation and proliferation of tumor-specific T-cells, thereby strengthening the body’santitumor i","cbCaisCxr9CWUZ3J","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisCxr9CWUZ3J","pdf",1819349,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Background/Aim\n# Materials and Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main goal of evaluating pembrolizumab in mice?\",\"answer\":\"To determine how pembrolizumab affects ovarian function and hormonal balance in a mouse model, focusing on key reproductive hormones and follicle counts.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the mice treated and which hormones were measured?\",\"answer\":\"Twenty-four Swiss albino mice were divided into acute and chronic groups, each with a pembrolizumab-treated and saline-control subgroup. After superovulation, serum estradiol, FSH, LH, and AMH were measured by ELISA.\"},{\"question\":\"What reproductive effects were observed after pembrolizumab administration?\",\"answer\":\"Pembrolizumab-treated mice showed significantly reduced estradiol levels and higher primordial follicle counts were seen in control groups. In chronic groups, LH differed between controls and pembrolizumab-treated mice, while FSH and AMH showed no significant differences.\"}]","Evaluating the Reproductive Impact of Pembrolizumabin Mice - Ovarian Function and Hormonal Changes | PDF",1790620481,28]