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Genetic instruments were selected from large genome-wide association studies to identify SNPs associated with telomere length. The inverse variance weighted method provided the primary causal estimate, supported by sensitivity analyses addressing pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and leave-one-out robustness. Results in Europeans show no significant genetically driven causal effects for telomere length on oral cavity, oropharyngeal, or combined cancers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluating-the-effect-of-telomere-length-on-oral-and-oropharyngeal-cancer-risk-using-mendelian-randomization/331753/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluating-the-effect-of-telomere-length-on-oral-and-oropharyngeal-cancer-risk-using-mendelian-randomization/331753.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What causal relationship does the study test between telomere length and cancer risk?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study tests whether telomere length has a causal effect on the risk of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers using Mendelian randomization.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were genetic instruments selected for the Mendelian randomization analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with telomere length were selected as instrumental variables from large genome-wide association studies using statistical and biological approaches.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results conclude about telomere length and oral/oropharyngeal cancer risk?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No significant causal associations were found between telomere length and oral cavity, oropharyngeal, or combined oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk in the analyzed European population.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331753,1790448550,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","Scientiﬁc Research Report  \nEvaluating the Effect of Telomere Length on Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Risk Using Mendelian Randomization  \nLi Lana,b,\\#, Ruizhe Zhang a,\\#, Ya Lianga, Huarong Chena, Houyu Zhao a*, Xianlu Zhuo a*  \na Department of Otolaryngology, The Afﬁliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China  \nb Hearing Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China  \n| A R T I C L E I N F O | A B S T R A C T |\n| --- | --- |\n| Article history: | Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the causal relationship between telomere |\n| Received 7 March 2024 | length and Oral and oropharyngeal cancers by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. |\n| Received in revised form | Methods: We carried out a 2-sample MR to examine the causal association between telo- |\n| 7 July 2024 | mere length and Oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Two large genome-wide association |\n| Accepted 31 July 2024 | studies (GWAS) were employed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as |\n| Available online 21 September 2024 | instrumental variables through statistical and biological approaches. The data on SNP-oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk factor associations were sourced from various consortia/UK Biobank. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary |\n| Key words: |  |\n| Telomere length | approach for overall causal estimation in MR, with sensitivity analyses conducted to assess |\n| Oral and oropharyngeal cancer | potential confounding by pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and the leave-one-out analysis. |\n| Risk factors | Results: The statistically driven approach indicates limited evidence of a genetically causal |\n| Mendelian randomization | effect of telomere length on the risk of oral cavity cancer (OR = 0.999, 95% CI 0.998-1.000, P = .100), oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 0.999, 95% CI 0.998-1.001, P = .650), combined oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 0.999, 95% CI 0.998-1.000, P = .119) in Europeans. The biologically driven approach demonstrated consistent causal effects across all MR methods, thereby further strengthening the reliability of the results. Moreover, the MR-Egger (Q [df] 170.816 [130], P = .009) and inverse variance weighted methods (Q [df] 171.656 [131], P = .010) identiﬁed considerable heterogeneity among instrumental variable estimates in Oral cavity cancer, and no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was detected.\u003Cbr>Conclusions: No signiﬁcant causal associations between telomere length and Oral and oropharyngeal cancers were found in this study. |\n|  | 􀀁 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf ofFDI World Dental Federation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license\u003Cbr>([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)) |\n\nIntroduction  \nOral and oropharyngeal cancers are the most common types of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNC) and remain prevalent as one of the top ten causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.1-3 Due to the heterogeneity in their  \n* Corresponding authors. Department of Otolaryngology, The Afﬁliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550004, China.  \nE-mail addresses: [zhaohouyu@gmc.edu.cn](zhaohouyu@gmc.edu.cn) (H. Zhao), [zhuoxianlu@gmc.edu.cn](zhuoxianlu@gmc.edu.cn) (X. Zhuo).  \n\\# These authors contributed equally to this work.  \npathogenesis and histopathology, the 5-year survival rate among Oral and oropharyngeal cancers patients has been estimated to be as low as 25% .4 These difﬁculties vary from physical issues with ingestion to the emotional strain of disﬁgurement.5-7 Currently, some of the most notable preventable factors are tobacco, alcohol consumption, and betel nut use.8 Moreover, human papilloma virus (HPV), sunlight exposure, and hygiene practices increase the risk of HNC.9,10 Additionally, genetic factors play a signiﬁcant role in the development of oral squamous","cbCaikRRcIGeZKeK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikRRcIGeZKeK","pdf",1714711,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Telomere biology and cancer relevance\n## Study rationale\n# Methods\n## 2-sample Mendelian randomization design\n## Instrument selection and data sources\n## Primary and sensitivity analyses\n# Results\n## Causal estimates and confidence intervals\n## Heterogeneity and pleiotropy assessments\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What causal relationship does the study test between telomere length and cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"The study tests whether telomere length has a causal effect on the risk of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers using Mendelian randomization.\"},{\"question\":\"How were genetic instruments selected for the Mendelian randomization analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with telomere length were selected as instrumental variables from large genome-wide association studies using statistical and biological approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results conclude about telomere length and oral/oropharyngeal cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"No significant causal associations were found between telomere length and oral cavity, oropharyngeal, or combined oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk in the analyzed European population.\"}]","Evaluating the Effect of Telomere Length on Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Risk Using Mendelian Randomization | PDF",1789994996,28]