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It synthesizes literature on crash severity, roadway and driver-related influences, and summarizes key safety efforts and sensor-based and driver assistance technologies. The report also presents an analysis framework for school bus-related crashes in New Jersey, detailing data description and processing approaches and outlining the study methodology for empirical findings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluating-school-bus-safety-during-emergency-situations-final-report/298637/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluating-school-bus-safety-during-emergency-situations-final-report/298637.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the report evaluate regarding school bus safety?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The report evaluates school bus safety during emergency situations, including how crashes occur, what technologies and certifications support safety, and which laws govern bus safety practices.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which types of factors are reviewed for school bus crashes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The literature review covers factors related to crash severity and crash type, roadway features, driver behavior, miscellaneous factors, and existing safety efforts.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What areas are included in the report’s New Jersey crash analysis section?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The section includes an introduction, data description and processing details, and the study methodology used to analyze school bus-related crashes in New Jersey.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},298637,1789761841,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","Evaluating School Bus Safety During Emergency Situations  \nNovember 2025  \nFinal Report  \nDr. Mohammad Jalayer, Md Sadman Islam, MdArifuzzaman Nayeem, Ruqaya Alfaris, Dr. Patrick Szary, George R. Sabol, Scott Poulton, Brian Mollot  \nDISCLAIMER STATEMENT  \nThe contents ofthis report reflect the views of the author(s) who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the New Jersey Department of Education. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The images on the cover page have been taken from external sources ([ksat.com](ksat.com)) and (Kim et al., 2020), respectively.  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nThe author(s) wish to acknowledge theNJ state contract manager from the New Jersey Department of Education and the key stakeholders who participated in interviews and surveys, without whom this project would not have been possible. We also thank Jamar Purnsley, James Scaringelli, Lisa McCormick, Stephanee Kammer, Rodelia Bennett, and Tanisha Smith for serving as Technical Advisory Panel members and providing continuous support. We also thank the team members from the Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, TRA, and the Center for Research and Education in Advanced Transportation Engineering Systems (CREATEs) of the Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering at Rowan University, whose efforts were critical to the completion of this research.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1  \n1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 3  \n1.2 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 3  \n2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 5  \n2.1 Contributing Factors to School Bus Crashes ........................................................................ 5  \n2.1.1 Factors Related to Crash Severity and Crash Type........................................................ 5  \n2.1.2 Factors Related to Roadway Features ............................................................................ 6  \n2.1.3 Factors Related to Driver Behavior ............................................................................... 6  \n2.1.4 Miscellaneous Factors.................................................................................................... 7  \n2.1.5 Safety Efforts ................................................................................................................. 8  \n2.2 Safety Technology in School Bus Transportation .............................................................. 10  \n2.2.1 Radio Frequency and Wireless Communications .........................................................11  \n2.2.2 Collision Prevention and Safety Enhancement Sensors .............................................. 13  \n2.2.3 Driver Assistance Technology ..................................................................................... 14  \n2.2.4 Diagnostics and Internal Safety ................................................................................... 15  \n2.2.5 Safety Cameras ............................................................................................................ 15  \n2.3 Driver Certifications and Requirements ............................................................................. 17  \n2.4 Statutes and Regulations Governing School Bus Safety .................................................... 20  \n2.4.1 Compartment and Seatbelts ......................................................................................... 20  \n2.4.2 Legal and Institutional Recommendations....","cbCaiiCU9WTKMSJu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiCU9WTKMSJu","pdf",2683913,118,"English","# EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n# 1. INTRODUCTION\n## 1.2 Methodology\n# 2. LITERATURE REVIEW\n## 2.1 Contributing Factors to School Bus Crashes\n## 2.2 Safety Technology in School Bus Transportation\n## 2.3 Driver Certifications and Requirements\n## 2.4 Statutes and Regulations Governing School Bus Safety\n## 2.5 Conclusion\n# 3. ANALYZING SCHOOL BUS-RELATED CRASHES IN NEW JERSEY\n## 3.1 Introduction\n## 3.2 Data\n## 3.3 Methodology","[{\"question\":\"What does the report evaluate regarding school bus safety?\",\"answer\":\"The report evaluates school bus safety during emergency situations, including how crashes occur, what technologies and certifications support safety, and which laws govern bus safety practices.\"},{\"question\":\"Which types of factors are reviewed for school bus crashes?\",\"answer\":\"The literature review covers factors related to crash severity and crash type, roadway features, driver behavior, miscellaneous factors, and existing safety efforts.\"},{\"question\":\"What areas are included in the report’s New Jersey crash analysis section?\",\"answer\":\"The section includes an introduction, data description and processing details, and the study methodology used to analyze school bus-related crashes in New Jersey.\"}]","Evaluating School Bus Safety During Emergency Situations - Final Report | PDF",297]