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WHO 2021 PM2.5 exposure guidance indicates most people live beyond safe exposure levels, shortening global average life expectancy. This dissertation evaluates IoT-based low-cost sensors to produce credible, localized pollution data and to support public environmental advocacy. It uses three essays: assessing sensor evolution and calibration, quantifying performance before/after calibration for PurpleAir PA-II sensors, and examining citizen science roles and deployment-based guidelines, advancing an integrated monitoring strategy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluating-performance-of-socio-technical-systems-for-improved-reliability-evidence-from-sensor-and-human-networks-dissertation/271618/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluating-performance-of-socio-technical-systems-for-improved-reliability-evidence-from-sensor-and-human-networks-dissertation/271618.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mack Lee","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",24,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What problem does the dissertation address?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The dissertation addresses how air pollution, especially PM2.5, affects health and how to obtain credible localized pollution measurements.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the dissertation evaluate sensor performance?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It reviews low-cost PM sensors over 2012–2022 and emphasizes calibration models, then quantitatively tests PurpleAir PA-II sensors using data from deployments before and after calibration.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What role does the dissertation assign to citizen science?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It investigates citizen science as a component of air monitoring, highlighting challenges and proposing guidelines based on deployment experience and surveying sensor hosts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},271618,1789460991,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1236954509970,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Dissertation  \nMUHAMMAD JALAL AWAN  \nEvaluating Performance of Socio-Technical Systems for Improved Reliability   \nEvidence from Sensor and Human Networks  \nThis document was submitted as a dissertation in September 2023 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the doctoral degree in Public Policy Analysis at the Pardee RAND Graduate School. The faculty committee that supervised and approved the dissertation consisted of Ben Preston (chair), Kelly Klima (co-chair), and Jeffrey Geddes (external member) .  \n PARDEE RAND GRADUATE SCHOOL  \nFor more information on this publication, [visit](visit www.rand.org/t/RGSDA3127-1)[ www.rand.org/t/RGSDA3127-1](visit www.rand.org/t/RGSDA3127-1).  \nAbout RAND  \nThe RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, [visit www.rand.org](visit www.rand.org).  \nResearch Integrity  \nOur mission to help improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, [visit www.rand.org/about/research-integrity](visit www.rand.org/about/research-integrity).  \nRAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.  \nPublished 2023 by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.  \n is a registered trademark.  \nLimited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights  \nThis publication and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited; linking directly to its webpage [on rand.org](on rand.org) is encouraged. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research products for commercial purposes. For information on reprint and reuse permissions, [please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions](please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions).  \nAbstract  \nAir pollution, especially PM2.5 (aerosols \u003C 2.5μm diameter), contributes to 8-10 million early deaths annually. The WHO's 2021 guidelines on PM2.5 exposure show 97.3% of people globally live beyond safe exposure levels, reducing global average life expectancy by 2.2 years. This dissertation investigates the efficacy ofIoT-based low-cost sensors in delivering credible, localized pollution data and fostering public environmental advocacy. Three essays structure the exploration:  \nEssay 1 reviews the evolution and performance of low-cost PM sensors (from 2012-2022) and highlights the efficacy of appropriate calibration models to improve performance.  \nEssay 2 quantitatively assesses pre-and post-calibration performance of PurpleAir PA-II sensors, using timeseries data from sensors deployed in Santa Monica and Pittsburgh.  \nEssay 3 delves into the potential role of citizen science in air monitoring, spotlighting challenges and proposing guidelines based on deployment experience and surveying sensor hosts.  \nCollectively, these essays champion an integrated strategy for air quality monitoring, blending  \ntechnology, scientific inquiry, and community enga","cbCaie6LZPTwgEhb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie6LZPTwgEhb","pdf",6507251,172,"English","# Dissertation Overview\n## Research Context and Objectives\n## Essay 1: Evolution and Calibration of Low-Cost PM Sensors (2012–2022)\n## Essay 2: Pre- and Post-Calibration Performance of PurpleAir PA-II\n## Essay 3: Citizen Science in Air Monitoring and Deployment Guidelines","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the dissertation address?\",\"answer\":\"The dissertation addresses how air pollution, especially PM2.5, affects health and how to obtain credible localized pollution measurements.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the dissertation evaluate sensor performance?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews low-cost PM sensors over 2012–2022 and emphasizes calibration models, then quantitatively tests PurpleAir PA-II sensors using data from deployments before and after calibration.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the dissertation assign to citizen science?\",\"answer\":\"It investigates citizen science as a component of air monitoring, highlighting challenges and proposing guidelines based on deployment experience and surveying sensor hosts.\"}]","Evaluating Performance of Socio-Technical Systems for Improved Reliability - Evidence from Sensor and Human Networks - Dissertation | PDF",433]