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Searches in PubMed, Scopus, and WOS selected fourteen comparative studies contrasting PDAC with other pancreatic diseases, highlighting altered amino acid and lipid pathways and additional signals such as glucose and lactate. Results indicate metabolomics as a robust approach but note technique heterogeneity and the need for validation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/evaluating-metabolite-based-biomarkers-for-early-diagnosis-of-pancreatic-cancer-a-systematic-review/379086/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/evaluating-metabolite-based-biomarkers-for-early-diagnosis-of-pancreatic-cancer-a-systematic-review/379086.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are early diagnostic biomarkers important for pancreatic cancer (PDAC)?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced, unresectable stage, and the only approved marker, CA19-9, has limited specificity and sensitivity. Early biomarkers are needed to improve operability and clinical outcomes.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was the systematic review conducted?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Bibliographic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and WOS using terms related to biomarkers, pancreatic neoplasms, early diagnosis, metabolomics, and lipidome. Fourteen original studies comparing PDAC with other pancreatic diseases were selected.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which metabolic pathways were most commonly altered in PDAC?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways were the most frequently altered, supporting their potential use in biomarker research.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},379086,1790632198,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Systematic Review  \nEvaluating Metabolite-Based Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review  \nGloria Perazzoli 1,2,3, Olga M. Garc½a-Valdeavero 1, Mercedes Peña 1,2,3, Jose Prados 1,2,3, *, Consolaciân Melguizo 1,2,3,† and Cristina Jim²nez-Luna 1,2,3,†  \nCitation: Perazzoli, G.;  \nGarcía-Valdeavero, O.M.; Peña, M.; Prados, J.; Melguizo, C.;  \nJiménez-Luna, C. Evaluating Metabolite-Based Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer:  \nA Systematic Review. Metabolites 2023, 13, 872. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/metabo13070872](10.3390/metabo13070872)  \nAcademic Editor: Joana Pinto  \nReceived: 10 June 2023  \nRevised: 13 July 2023  \nAccepted: 21 July 2023  \nPublished: 22 July 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; [gperazzoli@ugr.es](gperazzoli@ugr.es) (G.P.); [omgv@correo.ugr.es](omgv@correo.ugr.es) (O.M.G.-V.); [mpenacontreras@ugr.es](mpenacontreras@ugr.es) (M.P.); [melguizo@ugr.es](melguizo@ugr.es) (C.M.); [crisjilu@ugr.es](crisjilu@ugr.es) (C.J.-L.)  \n2 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain  \n3 Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain  \n* Correspondence: jcprados@ugr.es  \n† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, with five-year survival rates around 10% . The only curative option remains complete surgical resection, but due to the delay in diagnosis, less than 20% of patients are eligible for surgery. Therefore, discovering diagnostic biomarkers for early detection is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. Metabolomics has become a powerful technology for biomarker discovery, and several metabolomic-based panels have been proposed for PDAC diagnosis, but these advances have not yet been translated into the clinic. Therefore, this review focused on summarizing metabolites identified for the early diagnosis of PDAC in the last five years. Bibliographic searches were performed in the PubMed, Scopus and WOS databases, using the terms “Biomarkers, Tumor”,“Pancreatic Neoplasms”,“Early Diagnosis”,“Metabolomics” and “Lipidome”(January 2018–March 2023), and resulted in the selection of fourteen original studies that compared PDAC patients with subjects with other pancreatic diseases. These investigations showed amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways as the most commonly altered, reflecting their potential for biomarker research. Furthermore, other relevant metabolites such as glucose and lactate were detected in the pancreas tissue and body fluids from PDAC patients. Our results suggest that the use of metabolomics remains a robust approach to improve the early diagnosis of PDAC. However, these studies showed heterogeneity with respect to the metabolomics techniques used and further studies will be needed to validate the clinical utility of these biomarkers.  \nKeywords: pancreatic cancer; metabolomics; biomarkers; early diagnosis; systematic review  \n1. Introduction  \nPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the ten tumors with the highest mortality worldwide, approximately 500,000 in the year 2020, and this is expected to reach 800,000 by the year 2024 [1] . The most important risk factors associated with PDAC are diabetes and chronic pancreatitis [2], although there are others such as alcohol [3], cigarette smoking [4], obesity [5] and family history of PDAC [6] . The five-year survival rate is alarmingly lo","cbCaiuVyw8iJ2SRM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuVyw8iJ2SRM","pdf",1309570,28,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction\n## PDAC burden, risk factors, and diagnostic limitations\n## Rationale for metabolomics and biomarker discovery","[{\"question\":\"Why are early diagnostic biomarkers important for pancreatic cancer (PDAC)?\",\"answer\":\"Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced, unresectable stage, and the only approved marker, CA19-9, has limited specificity and sensitivity. Early biomarkers are needed to improve operability and clinical outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the systematic review conducted?\",\"answer\":\"Bibliographic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and WOS using terms related to biomarkers, pancreatic neoplasms, early diagnosis, metabolomics, and lipidome. Fourteen original studies comparing PDAC with other pancreatic diseases were selected.\"},{\"question\":\"Which metabolic pathways were most commonly altered in PDAC?\",\"answer\":\"Amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways were the most frequently altered, supporting their potential use in biomarker research.\"}]","Evaluating Metabolite-Based Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer - A Systematic Review | PDF",1790234058,71]