[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-650744-105":59,"doc-detail-650744-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","european-standards-for-construction-drawings","EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS","","Technical and construction drawings for civil engineering are standardized under CEN and CENELEC regulations, with national standards required to comply with EU standards. The paper explains how mid-1990s translation and implementation of new records advanced in Poland and why educators and future engineers must understand changes from earlier national requirements. The discussion concentrates on construction-drawing standards for civil engineering students and references the current set of standards in an appendix.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/european-standards-for-construction-drawings/650744/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/european-standards-for-construction-drawings/650744.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"vwvw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-10-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Which organizations drive the standardization of technical and construction drawings?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Standardization is carried out according to regulations and requirements set up by CEN and CENELEC. National standardization in Poland is handled by PKN in line with national needs and EU compliance requirements.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why do engineers need to understand differences between old and new standards?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"New standards were introduced and translated into Polish, sometimes differing significantly from earlier national requirements. Since the transformation process continues over time, future engineers must be aware of ongoing changes in the drawing standards environment.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are technical drawings and standards categorized in the paper?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Standards are categorized by fields of application into basic types such as construction/building, general purpose, mechanical, and electrical drawings. The paper also groups standards for civil engineering faculties into four application groups and differentiates drawing accuracy levels (schematic, working, assembly, and detail drawings).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},650744,1792899807,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},3985747874149,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/3a001161165b4dc3d9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790129441039064114","EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS  \nRenata A. GÓRSKA  \nCracow University of Technology  \nDivision of Descriptive Geometry, Technical Drawing & Engineering Graphics Warszawska st.24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland  \ne-mail: [rgorska@pk.edu.pl](rgorska@pk.edu.pl)  \nAbstract. Technical and Construction Drawings for Civil Engineering Constructions undergo standardization according to the regulations and requirements set up by the CEN and CENELEC organizations. The national standards must comply with the EU standards. The goal of this paper is to show the differences between the old and the new standards because the future engineer must be aware of them as the changes continuously take place in the environment of technical/construction drawings.  \nKeywords: Drawing standards, construction drawings  \n1 Introduction  \nTechnical and construction drawings for civil engineering constructions undergo standardization according to the regulations and requirements set up by the CEN (European Committee for Standardization/ Comité Européen de Normalisation) and CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Engineering) organizations. In our country the national organization PKN (Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny) is the unit responsible for conducting the standardization work in accordance to the national needs. PKN affiliates in CEN and simultaneously is the member of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) . The national standards must comply with the EU (European Union) standards and thus the process of translation and implementation of newly established records has also started in Poland already in the mid 90s of the last century. Although the work has not been completed yet, the educators must remember that the new standards are sometimes diametrically different from existing earlier national requirements. Transformation process between the old and the new will take some more time. However, the future engineer must be aware of the changes which take place in the environment of technical/construction drawings.  \nThis paper will focus only on these standards, which refer to the area of construction drawings for civil engineering students. The list of actual standards has been provided in Appendix1 . As the area of discussion refers to Polish standards, the titles index has been provided in Polish language.  \n2 Categorizing various types of technical drawings and standards  \n2.1 Types of standards  \nThe standards recommended for application in engineering drawings have always been categorized according the relevant fields of possible applications into the various basic types of drawings, which can be listed as it follows: (a) construction or building drawings, (b) general purpose drawings (designated with a symbol “N”), (c) mechanical drawings (respectively designated with “M”), and (d) electrical drawings (“E”) . Today we have in use the standards which were developed in a wide span of time. The earliest issues have designations either PN-N number: year – these refer to general purpose applications, PN-B  \nISSN 1644-9363 / PLN 15.00 􀃓 2011 PTGiGI  \nnumber year – these refer to a construction/ building drawings or finally the standards designated with PN-E/M, which refer to electrical or mechanical drawings. To give an example, the standard (App.1, item [2]) relating to guidelines on folding larger drawing sheets into A4 sheet size is still valid though it was established in the year of 1986.  \nSince 1995, the ISO standards have been gradually introduced and translated into Polish language. The newly introduced standards have received designations of PN-ISO. The process has been continued and the standards designated with PN-EN ISO have started to appear as new editions ofthe PKN. The last standards have exactly the same numbering as the standards valid in EU and it is assume that they are also the international standards. They gradually replace earlier national standards.  \n2.2 Types of drawings used at the civil engineer","cbCaieNesAqQnfMl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieNesAqQnfMl","pdf",323837,12,"English","# 1 Introduction\n## Standardization bodies and compliance with EU standards\n# 2 Categorizing various types of technical drawings and standards\n## 2.1 Types of standards\n## 2.2 Types of drawings used at the civil engineering faculties","[{\"question\":\"Which organizations drive the standardization of technical and construction drawings?\",\"answer\":\"Standardization is carried out according to regulations and requirements set up by CEN and CENELEC. National standardization in Poland is handled by PKN in line with national needs and EU compliance requirements.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do engineers need to understand differences between old and new standards?\",\"answer\":\"New standards were introduced and translated into Polish, sometimes differing significantly from earlier national requirements. Since the transformation process continues over time, future engineers must be aware of ongoing changes in the drawing standards environment.\"},{\"question\":\"How are technical drawings and standards categorized in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"Standards are categorized by fields of application into basic types such as construction/building, general purpose, mechanical, and electrical drawings. The paper also groups standards for civil engineering faculties into four application groups and differentiates drawing accuracy levels (schematic, working, assembly, and detail drawings).\"}]","EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS | PDF",1792842432]