[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-376500-105":59,"doc-detail-376500-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","european-code-against-cancer-hormone-replacement-therapy-other-common-medical-therapies-and-cancer","European Code Against Cancer - hormone replacement therapy, other common medical therapies and cancer","","European Code Against Cancer 5th edition provides scientific justification for recommendations on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other population-scale medical therapies, including hormonal contraceptives and aspirin. It describes how HRT increases the risk of breast cancer for most formulations (except vaginal oestrogens), with possible added increases for serous ovarian and endometrial cancers. Despite these risks, HRT may remain the only option for managing certain menopausal symptoms. It recommends limiting use to the shortest necessary duration after thorough discussion with healthcare professionals and, based on updated evidence, does not recommend these therapies for average-risk general populations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/european-code-against-cancer-hormone-replacement-therapy-other-common-medical-therapies-and-cancer/376500/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/european-code-against-cancer-hormone-replacement-therapy-other-common-medical-therapies-and-cancer/376500.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"hdkawk","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the purpose of the ECAC5 paper regarding medical therapies?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The paper provides the scientific justification for the ECAC5 recommendation on using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other drugs used at population scale, including hormonal contraceptives and aspirin.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does HRT affect cancer risk according to the ECAC5 discussion?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Except for vaginal oestrogens, all forms of HRT are associated with an increased breast cancer risk, and the risk of serous ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer may also be increased.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What recommendation does ECAC5 make for using HRT in menopausal symptoms and for average-risk populations?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"ECAC5 recommends using HRT for bothersome menopausal symptoms only after a thorough discussion with a healthcare professional and limiting use for as short a duration as possible. It also elects not to make a recommendation for the average-risk general population regarding hormonal contraceptives and aspirin.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},376500,1790318831,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},3985747859855,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","POLICY PAPER  \nEuropean Code Against Cancer, 5th edition – hormone replacement therapy, other common medical therapies and cancer  \nMangesh A. Thorat 1,2 , Marc Arbyn3, David Baldwin4,5, Xavier Castells6, Solveig Hofvind7, Urska Ivanus8, Carlo Senore9, Esther Toes-Zoutendijk 10 , Carlijn van der Aalst 10,  \nCarlos Canelo-Aybar 11,12, Fiorella Karina Fernndez-Senz 11,12, Ariadna Feliu 13,14 , Hajo Zeeb 15, Andre L. Carvalho 16, Erica D’Souza 13 , David Ritchie 13, Carolina Espina 13 ,  \nIris Lansdorp-Vogelaar 10 and Andrea DeCensi 17,18   \n1 Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, UK  \n2 Breast Services, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK  \n3 Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium  \n4 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK  \n5 Population Health, University of Nottingham, UK  \n6 Department of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain  \n7 Department of Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway  \n8 Cancer screening and clinical genetic division, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenia  \n9 Epidemiology and screening unit – CPO, University hospital Citt della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy  \n10 Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC – University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands  \n11 Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain  \n12 Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Barcelona, Spain  \n13 Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France  \n14 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK  \n15 Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz – Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH, Bremen, Germany  \n16 Early Detection, Prevention, and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France  \n17 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy  \n18 Breast Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal  \nKeywords  \naspirin; breast cancer; European Code Against Cancer; hormonal contraceptive; Hormone replacement therapy; menopause  \nCorrespondence  \nM. A. Thorat, Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square EC1M 6BQ, London, UK [E-mail:](E-mail: m.thorat@qmul.ac.uk)[ m.thorat@qmul.ac.uk](E-mail: m.thorat@qmul.ac.uk)  \nand  \nSeveral medical therapies modify the risk of developing certain cancers inan individual. The aim of this paper was to provide the scientific justification for the 5th edition of the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC5) recommendation on the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other drugs used at population scale, such as hormonal contraceptives and aspirin. HRT modifies the risk of developing certain cancers in an individual. Except for vaginal oestrogens, all forms of HRT are associated with an increased breast cancer risk; the risk of serous ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer may also be increased. Despite such an increase in cancer risk, HRT often remains the only option for the management of certain menopausal symptoms for the restoration of quality of life and mental  \nAbbreviations  \nAI, aromatase inhibitors; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CEE, conjugated equine oestrogen; CHD, coronary heart disease; CPRD, Clinical Practice Research Datalink; CRC, colorectal cancer; ECAC, European Code Against Cancer; ECAC4, European Code Against Cancer, 4th edition; ECAC5, European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition; EU, European Union; HR, hazard ratio; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; MBD, Mammographic breast density; MPA, medroxyprogesterone acetate; NCD, ","cbCaieRhmDGiOSBR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieRhmDGiOSBR","pdf",1287021,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Risk effects of HRT and other therapies\n## ECAC5 recommendations and evidence review","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the ECAC5 paper regarding medical therapies?\",\"answer\":\"The paper provides the scientific justification for the ECAC5 recommendation on using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other drugs used at population scale, including hormonal contraceptives and aspirin.\"},{\"question\":\"How does HRT affect cancer risk according to the ECAC5 discussion?\",\"answer\":\"Except for vaginal oestrogens, all forms of HRT are associated with an increased breast cancer risk, and the risk of serous ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer may also be increased.\"},{\"question\":\"What recommendation does ECAC5 make for using HRT in menopausal symptoms and for average-risk populations?\",\"answer\":\"ECAC5 recommends using HRT for bothersome menopausal symptoms only after a thorough discussion with a healthcare professional and limiting use for as short a duration as possible. It also elects not to make a recommendation for the average-risk general population regarding hormonal contraceptives and aspirin.\"}]","European Code Against Cancer - hormone replacement therapy, other common medical therapies and cancer | PDF",1790219509,43]