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Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4 .0) licence ([https://creativecommons.org/l](https://creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by/4 .0/) . This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.  \nFor any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the European Union, permission may need to be sought directly from the respective rightholders. The European Union does not own the copyright in relation to the following elements:  \nCopyright for the photographs: Cover © Adobe Stock  \nTheme: International trade  \nCollection: Manuals and guidelines  \nPDF: ISBN 978-92-68-10241-1 ISSN 2315-0815 doi: 10.2785/056132 KS-GQ-23-021-EN-N  \nTable of contents  \nAcknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................. 8  \n1. Introduction…………………………………………………….………….………..…………………………….………9  \n1.1. The importance of measuring international supply of services by modes of supply for policy needs. 9  \n1.2. Statistics on trade in services by mode of supply in a national, international and supranational context ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........12  \n1.3. Statistical and legal framework................................................................................................................... 14  \n1.4. Institutional arrangements .......................................................................................................................... 15  \n1.5. Digital trade and modes of supply.............................................................................................................. 16  \n1.6. Scope of the guide ....................................................................................................................................... 16  \n1.7. Structure of this guide ................................................................................................................................. 17  \nPart A: Definitions and concepts……..………………………………………………………………………………...19  \n2. Modes of supply explained ............................................................................................................................ 19  \n2.1.The four modes of supply according to the General Agreement on Trade in Services.......................... 19  \n2.2. Modes of supply in practice ........................................................................................................................ 21  \n2.2.1. Multimodal supply..................................................................................................................................... 22  \n2.2.2. Subcontracting of services ...................................................................................................................... 24  \n2.2.3. Digital intermediation platforms (DIPs) ................................................................................................... 26  \n3. Definitions and key concepts......................................................................................................................... 28  \n3.1. Main concepts ......................","cbCail1h9Ac2Ilp2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail1h9Ac2Ilp2","pdf",4418506,225,"English","# Acknowledgements\n# Introduction\n## The importance of measuring international supply of services by modes of supply for policy needs.\n## Statistics on trade in services by mode of supply in a national, international and supranational context\n## Statistical and legal framework\n## Institutional arrangements\n## Digital trade and modes of supply\n## Scope of the guide\n## Structure of this guide\n# Part A: Definitions and concepts\n## Modes of supply explained\n## Definitions and key concepts\n## Classification systems","[{\"question\":\"Why is measuring international supply of services by modes of supply important for policy needs?\",\"answer\":\"The guide explains that mode-of-supply measurement is needed to support specific policy decisions by capturing how services are delivered across borders. It links measurement requirements to the policy relevance of service trade patterns.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the four modes of supply described in the guide?\",\"answer\":\"The guide presents the four modes according to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). It then explains how these modes apply in practice.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the guide address digital trade and digital intermediation platforms?\",\"answer\":\"It includes a dedicated section on digital trade and discusses digital intermediation platforms (DIPs) within the practical modes of supply. The approach focuses on how such platforms affect the way services are supplied and measured.\"}]","European business statistics compilers guide for European statistics on international supply of services - by mode of supply - 2023 edition | PDF",567]