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Livingstone  \nEthics Made Easy  \n# Ethics Made Easy\n\nLes LivingstoneMBA,Ph.D.CPA(NY&TX)  \nEthics Made Easy  \nDedication  \nTo my wife Trudy,with lotsof love.  \nWhat lies behind us and whatlies ahead ofus are tinymatters compared to what lieswithin us.  \nWalt Emerson  \nx5  \nEthics Made Easy  \nIf I am not for myself,who will be forme?  \nAnd if I am only for myself,what am I?And if not now,when?  \nRabbi Hillel (30 B.C.-9A.D.)  \nIt takes 20 years to build a reputationand five minutes to ruin it.If you thinkabout that,you'll do things differently.  \n1  \nWarren Buffett  \n# Introduction\n\nOur lives bring up one ethical issue afteranother.Ethical choices face us in many of oureveryday decisions.The way that we make thesedecisions has great influence on our futures and thefutures of those affected by our decisions.Thereare repeated ethical scandals in business,in politicsand every other area of human activity.In theseethical scandals people of wealth,of achievement,and of prominent status have lost their goodreputations and endured public disgrace.Somehave faced criminal trials or have incurred  \n# Ethics Made Easy\n\nsignificant financial losses.Some have even gone toprison.They,and their families,have been ruined.If they had it to do over again,how many of thesepeople would make the same ethical choices that ledto their humiliation?What can we learn from theirbitter experiences?  \nThe unmistakable lesson is that ethicalchoices matter a great deal,and that ethical lapsescan have drastic unforeseen consequences.It isabundantly clear that ethics is vitally important toall of us.In this book,we attempt to create apractical framework for ethical decision making.  \n# Law and Ethics\n\nSome people may ask what difference,ifany,is there between ethics,on the one hand,andlaw,on the other hand.Most often,laws expressvalid ethical principles.But this is not invariably thecase.Occasionally laws can be immoral.Forexample,in certain U.S.states slavery was legal formost of the 19ᵗh century.Joseph Stalin sent politicaldissenters to Siberia and to their deaths under lawsprevailing in the Soviet Union at the time.UnderGerman law at the time,Hitler sent millions to theirdeaths in Nazi concentration camps for the crime ofbeing Jews or Gypsies or for having physical ormental disabilities.So ethics and the law most oftenrun parallel,but there can occasionally also bedeviations between them.  \n1000  \nEthics Made Easy  \n# Ethical Relativism\n\nSpeaking of deviations,some peoplemaintain that moral beliefs and practices vary fromculture to culture.Indeed,some people say thatmoral beliefs and practices even vary within a givenculture from person to person.These beliefs arereferred to as ethical relativism.There is no doubtthat differing moral beliefs and practices exist indifferent cultures and different persons as a factualmatter.For example,news reports state that slaveryis still practiced in a few parts of the world.Also,bribery is commonplace in many parts of the world.  \nIn these circumstances,are there anyabsolute standards of ethics that apply universally,independent of cultural or personal beliefs andpractices?Or are ethics simply whatever iscurrently believed or practiced by various culturesor persons?In that case,there are no ethicalstandards and ethics becomes nothing more than amenu of endless open choices,all choices beingequally valid.  \nTo answer these important questions weneed to distinguish between descriptive andprescriptive approaches.A descriptive approachsimply reports what is observed.It is neutral,imposing no standards,applying no criteria,andmaking no judgments.Examples would be thedescriptive observations of anthropologists about  \nEthics Made Easy  \nthe beliefs and practices of different cultures,andthe research conducted by psychologists ondifferent individuals and personality types.On theother hand,a prescriptive approach seeks outabsolute standards a","cbCaidsPqLLJiPwm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidsPqLLJiPwm","pdf",3096415,68,"English","# Ethics Made Easy\n# Introduction\n# Ethics Made Easy\n# Law and Ethics\n# Ethical Relativism\n# Practical Solutions\n# A Universal Rule","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the book’s ethical framework?\",\"answer\":\"The book aims to create a practical framework for ethical decision-making that is clear enough for everyday use while still avoiding oversimplification.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text distinguish ethics from law?\",\"answer\":\"Most often, laws express valid ethical principles, but the text notes that laws can also be immoral, so ethics and law can sometimes diverge.\"},{\"question\":\"What is ethical relativism, according to the text?\",\"answer\":\"Ethical relativism holds that moral beliefs and practices vary by culture and even by person, implying there may be no universal ethical standards outside current beliefs and practices.\"}]","Ethics Made Easy - Introduction | PDF",1790731011]