[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108339-en":3,"doc-seo-108339-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108339,3848291630094,"Emma Wilson","https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45",8,"Research & Report","Equitable Human Capital Development in Kazakhstan - The State of Human Capital Across the Regions of Kazakhstan","This report examines equitable human capital development in Kazakhstan, focusing on how education, skills, and health outcomes shape disparities across regions and socioeconomic groups. It analyzes the overall status of human capital, tracks indicators over time, and assesses impacts of COVID-19 on learning, survival, and overall human capital index scores. Findings highlight regional differences, inequality drivers, and the need for people-centered reforms, including investment in youth and targeted interventions for those left behind.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nEQUITABLE HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN  \nThe State of Human Capital  \nAcross the Regions of Kazakhstan  \nTable of Contents   \nForeword 4  \nAcknowledgments 6  \nAbbreviations 8  \nKey Messages 10  \nI. Introduction 12  \nII. Overall Status of Human Capital in Kazakhstan 16  \nII.1 Tracking Human Capital 17  \nII.2 Health as a Component of Human Capital 20  \nII.3 Human Capital Post COVID-19 22  \nIII. Human Capital Across the Regions of Kazakhstan 26  \nIII.1 Regional HCI Differences 27  \nIII.2 HCI Variation Across Socioeconomic Groups 36  \nIV. Looking Ahead: The Future of Human Capital Development in Kazakhstan 40  \nAppendix 1: Human Capital Index and Extensions 42  \nAppendix 2: Kazakhstan Human Capital Index and Extensions 46  \nAppendix 3: Regional HCI Performance in Kazakhstan 50  \nTables  \nTable 1: Human Capital in Kazakhstan, 2010 and 2020 18  \nTable 2: HCI in Kazakhstan Adjusted for Higher Education, 2020 19  \nFigures  \nFigure 1: Estimated Impact ofCOVID-19 on PISA Scores 22  \nFigure 2: Estimated Impact ofCOVID-19 on Socioeconomic Achievement Gap 23  \nFigure 3: Estimated Impact ofCOVID-19 on Survival to Age 5 24  \nFigure 4: Estimated Impact ofCOVID-19 on Overall HCI Score 24  \nFigure 5: Regional HCI Scores in Kazakhstan 28  \nFigure 6: Regions of Kazakhstan by HCI Score, 2020 29  \nFigure 7: Contributions of HCI Indicators to Inequalities in Human Capital Across  \nRegions,% 30  \nFigure 8: Regional Differences in Educational Attainment and Quality, Kazakhstan, 2018 30 Figure 9: Per-student Public Spending on Secondary Education, 2019 31  \nFigure 10: Enrolments of Children Aged 1–3 in Preschool Education, 2019,% 33  \nFigure 11: Regional Differences in HCI Adjusted for Tertiary Education 33  \nFigure 12: The Number of Physicians per 10,000 Inhabitants, by Region, 2019 34  \nFigure 13: Adult Obesity Rates, by Region, 2019,% 34  \nFigure 14: Smokers as a Proportion of the Population, 2020 35  \nFigure 15: Healthcare Expenditure Per Capita, 2018 (tenge) 35  \nFigure 16: Gender Differences in HCI Education and Survival Indicators, 2010–2020 37  \n ~~ ~~For~~eword  ~~  \nKazakhstan, Central Asia’s leading economy, is entering the most significant and decisive decade since independence. The development of the oil and gas sector has led Kazakh economy into the upper middle-income tier, but excessive reliance on this sector has made the nation vulnerable to international commodity price shocks. These risks are looming even larger now in the face of climate change anda global move towards greener businesses and energy sources—and call for a structural transformation of Kazakhstan’s economy and increased reliance on high-skilled and green sectors for future growth.  \nThe COVID-19 crisis has made matters worse, leading to an overall projected drop of 4 points in Kazakhstan’s Human Capital Index. The shift to automation and digitalization, especially post COVID-19, will demand, and is already demanding, workers with better skills. With a declining and increasingly unequal human capital, Kazakhstan is now at acrossroads, and its success in designing and implementing people-centered reforms will determine the growth potential of the national economy for generations to come.  \nA new social contract between the government and the people that urgently addresses the rising inequality that threatens economic growth and social stability would protect the poor and vulnerable population, while ensuring that the foundation of growth is sound and sustainable. A wider distribution of benefits of economic growth hitherto enjoyed mainly by  \nthe elites would therefore benefit the whole nation. Ramping up investment in all the people, especially the young, would equalize opportunities for building their knowledge, skills, job prospects, social protection and health that will accrue throughout their lives. Affirmative and targeted interventions","cbCaiinLB5E1qQR5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiinLB5E1qQR5","pdf",7041622,5,1,54,"English","en",105,"# Foreword\n# Key Messages\n# Introduction\n# Overall Status of Human Capital in Kazakhstan\n## Tracking Human Capital\n## Health as a Component of Human Capital\n## Human Capital Post COVID-19\n# Human Capital Across the Regions of Kazakhstan\n## Regional HCI Differences\n## HCI Variation Across Socioeconomic Groups\n# Looking Ahead: The Future of Human Capital Development in Kazakhstan\n# Appendix 1: Human Capital Index and Extensions\n# Appendix 2: Kazakhstan Human Capital Index and Extensions\n# Appendix 3: Regional HCI Performance in Kazakhstan","[{\"question\":\"What factors drive inequality in human capital in Kazakhstan according to the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report identifies unequal education outcomes and skills development as the main factors behind human capital inequality, supported by analysis of education and health 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inequalities.\"}]",1784470532,136,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"equitable-human-capital-development-in-kazakhstan-the-state-of-human-capital-across-the-regions-of-kazakhstan","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/equitable-human-capital-development-in-kazakhstan-the-state-of-human-capital-across-the-regions-of-kazakhstan/108339/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What 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