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Written for generally educated, careful readers without requiring special prior training, it explains central concepts, theories, and problems about how knowledge is justified. The book highlights the historical significance of justification, discusses selected major philosophical positions, and aims to equip readers with tools for understanding contemporary and influential epistemological writings. It also connects epistemology with philosophy of mind and related fields.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/epistemology-third-edition-preface/604136/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/epistemology-third-edition-preface/604136.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aldword","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the book’s primary subject and focus?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"It introduces epistemology as the theory of knowledge and justification, focusing on core concepts, theories, and problems central to understanding how knowledge is justified.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"Who is the book intended for?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"It is meant to be fully understandable to any generally educated, careful reader, with the note that students will study it most appropriately after completing at least one more general philosophy course.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How does the book treat justification in relation to knowledge?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Justification is discussed as historically as important as knowledge itself, and while some parts treat them separately, they are also interconnected throughout the book.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},604136,1792100606,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Epistemology  \nA Contemporary Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge  \nThird Edition Robert Audi  \nFirst edition published 1998 , second edition published 2003 by  \nRoutledge This editionfirst published2011 by Routledge  \n270 Madison Ave , New York , NY 10016 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge  \n2 Park Square , Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxon OX14 4 RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business  \nThis edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to [www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk](www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk).  \nFirst edition © 1998 Taylor & Francis Second edition © 2003 Taylor & Francis Third edition © 2011 Taylor & Francis  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic , mechanical , or other means , now known or hereafter invented , including photocopying and recording , orin any information storage or retrieval system , without permission in writing from the publishers.  \nTrademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks , andareused only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Audi , Robert  \nEpistemology : a contemporary introduction to the theory of knowledge / Robert Audi.—3 rd ed.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).—(Routledgecontemporary introductionsto philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index.  \n[etc.]  \n1. Knowledge , Theory of. I. Title. BD161.A 783 2010 121—dc22  \n2010005139  \nISBN 13: 978-0-415-87922-4 (hbk)  \nISBN 13: 978-0-415-87923-1 ( pbk)  \nTo Malou  \nContent  \nContent  \nPreface to the first edition Acknowledgments to the first edition Preface to the second edition Acknowledgments to the second edition Preface to the third edition Acknowledgments to the third edition Introduction  \nPart One  \n1 Perception  \n2 Theories of perception  \n3 Memory  \n4 Consciousness  \n5 Reason I  \n6 Reason II  \n7 Testimony Part Two  \n8 Inference and the extension of knowledge  \n9 The architecture of knowledge  \n10 The analysis of knowledge  \n11 Knowledge, justification, and truth  \n12 Scientific, moral, and religious knowledge  \n13 Skepticism I  \n14 Skepticism II  \n15 Conclusion  \nShort annotated bibliography of books in epistemology Index  \nPreface to the first edition  \nThis book is a wide-ranging introduction to epistemology, conceived as the theory of knowledge and justification. It presupposes no special background in philosophy and is meant to be fully understandable to any generally educated, careful reader, but for students it is most appropriately studied after completing at least one more general course in philosophy.  \nThe main focus is the body of concepts, theories, and problems central in understanding knowledge and justification. Historically, justification—sometimes under such names as ‘reason to believe’, ‘evidence’, and ‘warrant ’—has been as important in epistemology as knowledge itself. This is surely so at present. In many parts of the book, justification and knowledge are discussed separately; but they are also interconnected at many points. The book is not historically organized, but it does discuss selected major positions in the history of philosophy, particularly some of those that have greatly influenced human thought. Moreover, even where major philosophers are not mentioned, I try to take their views into account. One of my primary aims is to facilitate the reading of those philosophers, especially their epistemological writings. It would take a very long book to discuss representative contemporary epistemologists or, in any detail, even a few historically important epistemologies, but a shorter one can provide many of the tools needed to understand them. Providing such tools is one of my main purposes.  \nThe use of this book in the study of philoso","cbCaiujlSSHNfCUm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiujlSSHNfCUm","pdf",4438901,568,"English","# Preface to the first edition\n# Acknowledgments\n# Introduction\n# Part One\n## Perception\n## Theories of perception\n## Memory\n## Consciousness\n## Reason I\n## Reason II\n## Testimony\n# Part Two\n## Inference and the extension of knowledge\n## The architecture of knowledge\n## The analysis of knowledge\n## Knowledge, justification, and truth\n## Scientific, moral, and religious knowledge\n## Skepticism I\n## Skepticism II\n## Conclusion\n# Short annotated bibliography of books in epistemology\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What is the book’s primary subject and focus?\",\"answer\":\"It introduces epistemology as the theory of knowledge and justification, focusing on core concepts, theories, and problems central to understanding how knowledge is justified.\"},{\"question\":\"Who is the book intended for?\",\"answer\":\"It is meant to be fully understandable to any generally educated, careful reader, with the note that students will study it most appropriately after completing at least one more general philosophy course.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book treat justification in relation to knowledge?\",\"answer\":\"Justification is discussed as historically as important as knowledge itself, and while some parts treat them separately, they are also interconnected throughout the book.\"}]","Epistemology - Third Edition - Preface | PDF",1431]