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Central to this process are epigenetic echoes, persistent and dynamic DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA regulation, and chromatin remodeling that reflect genomic chaos and shape cancer cell behavior. The review connects genomic instability with epigenetic echoes, showing effects on DNA repair, tumor evolution, and contextual challenges for privacy and clinical use. It focuses on lung cancer biomarkers for subtype distinction and relapse monitoring.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/epigenomic-echoes-decoding-genomic-and-epigenetic-instability-to-distinguish-lung-cancer-types-and-predict-relapse/373019/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/epigenomic-echoes-decoding-genomic-and-epigenetic-instability-to-distinguish-lung-cancer-types-and-predict-relapse/373019.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are “epigenetic echoes” and how do they relate to genomic instability in cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Epigenetic echoes are persistent, dynamic epigenetic modifications—such as DNA methylation, histone changes, non-coding RNA regulation, and chromatin remodeling. They mirror underlying genomic chaos and actively influence cancer cell behavior, linking epigenomic patterns to genomic instability.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How can epigenetic patterns help distinguish lung cancer subtypes and predict relapse?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review describes specific epigenetic patterns as potential biomarkers. These patterns can support cancer subtype differentiation and monitoring of disease progression and relapse, enabling more precise diagnostics and patient management.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What scientific and ethical challenges are discussed for using epigenetic changes clinically?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because epigenetic changes are dynamic and context-dependent, their translation to clinical practice raises challenges. The review also highlights ethical concerns, particularly privacy considerations and clinical applicability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},373019,1790713644,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","Review  \nEpigenomic Echoes—Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic  \nInstability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse  \nAlexandra A. Baumann 1,2,†, Zholdas Buribayev 3,†, Olaf Wolkenhauer 1,4,5, Amankeldi A. Salybekov 6,7 and Markus Wolfien 2,8, *  \nAcademic Editors: Ivana De la Serna and Che-Kun James Shen  \nReceived: 29 November 2024  \nRevised: 17 January 2025  \nAccepted: 2 February 2025  \nPublished: 5 February 2025  \nCitation: Baumann, A.; Buribayev, Z.; Wolkenhauer, O.; Salybekov, A.; Wolfien, M. Title. Epigenomes 2025, 9, 5 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)epigenomes9010005  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany; [alexandra.baumann@uni-rostock.de](alexandra.baumann@uni-rostock.de) (A.A.B.)  \n2 Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany  \n3 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technologies, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan  \n4 Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Freising, Germany  \n5 Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7535, South Africa  \n6 Regenerative Medicine Division, Cell and Gene Therapy Department, Qazaq Institute of Innovative Medicine, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan  \n7 Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura 247-8533, Japan  \n8 Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), 01069 Dresden, Germany  \n* Correspondence: markus.wolfien@tu-dresden.de † These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Genomic and epigenomic instability are defining features of cancer, driving tumor progression, heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. Central to this process are epigenetic echoes, persistent and dynamic modifications in DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA regulation, and chromatin remodeling that mirror underlying genomic chaos and actively influence cancer cell behavior. This review delves into the complex relationship between genomic instability and these epigenetic echoes, illustrating how they collectively shape the cancer genome, affect DNA repair mechanisms, and contribute to tumor evolution. However, the dynamic, context-dependent nature of epigenetic changes presents scientific and ethical challenges, particularly concerning privacy and clinical applicability. Focusing on lung cancer, we examine how specific epigenetic patterns function as biomarkers for distinguishing cancer subtypes and monitoring disease progression and relapse.  \nKeywords: genomic instability; epigenetics; biomarkers; lung cancer; disease progression  \n1. Introduction  \nIn the complex and dynamic landscape of cancer biology, the interplay between genomic instability and epigenetic modifications has emerged as a major driver of tumor evolution. Among the various epigenetic changes, DNA methylation patterns and histone modification patterns can be thought of as “Epigenetic Echoes”—subtle yet persistent signals that reverberate through the genome, shaping cellular behavior and influencing disease outcomes. These echoes, often overlooked in the broader context of genetic mutations, provide crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms of cancer differentiation and progression. As cells accumulate genetic alterations due to genomic instability, these epigenetic marks can either amplify or mitigate the e","cbCaiuX0CTmvNMFd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuX0CTmvNMFd","pdf",6103889,25,"English","# Introduction\n## Overview of Genomic Instability\n### Mechanisms Leading to Genomic Instability","[{\"question\":\"What are “epigenetic echoes” and how do they relate to genomic instability in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Epigenetic echoes are persistent, dynamic epigenetic modifications—such as DNA methylation, histone changes, non-coding RNA regulation, and chromatin remodeling. They mirror underlying genomic chaos and actively influence cancer cell behavior, linking epigenomic patterns to genomic instability.\"},{\"question\":\"How can epigenetic patterns help distinguish lung cancer subtypes and predict relapse?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes specific epigenetic patterns as potential biomarkers. These patterns can support cancer subtype differentiation and monitoring of disease progression and relapse, enabling more precise diagnostics and patient management.\"},{\"question\":\"What scientific and ethical challenges are discussed for using epigenetic changes clinically?\",\"answer\":\"Because epigenetic changes are dynamic and context-dependent, their translation to clinical practice raises challenges. The review also highlights ethical concerns, particularly privacy considerations and clinical applicability.\"}]","Epigenomic Echoes - Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse | PDF",1790196330,63]