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Data were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2020 and included incidence, mortality, prevalence, and MIR, alongside HDI and CHE/GDP. Projections from 2025–2040 were generated using anticipated population and age-standardized rates.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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data source and measures were used to characterize brain and CNS cancer epidemiology in Asia?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study used the 2020 Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and calculated numbers, age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, five-year prevalent cases and rates, mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR), and crude rates.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were socioeconomic status indicators incorporated?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Human development index (HDI) and the current healthcare expenditure (CHE)-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio were used as socioeconomic status indicators, and they were correlated with cancer burden metrics.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What overall burden and projections does the study report for 2040?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The study projects that by 2040 there will be about 232,000 new brain and CNS cancer cases and roughly 200,000 subsequent deaths in Asia, based on 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socioeconomic correlates of brain and central nervous system cancers in Asia in 2020 and their projection to 2040  \nSeyed Ehsan Mousavi1,2􀀍, Homa Seyedmirzaei3,4, Shahrzad Shahrokhi Nejad5 & Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi6,7􀀍  \nBrain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers constitute a heterogeneous group of cancers with poor 5-year survival rates. We aimed to report the epidemiology of brain and CNS cancers in Asia in 2020 and their projections up to 2040 by age, sex, and country, as well as their correlation with socioeconomic status. We extracted data from the 2020 Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) . Numbers, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and mortality rates (ASMRs), 5-year prevalent cases and rates, mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs), and crude rates were calculated. The human development index (HDI) and current healthcare expenditure (CHE)-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio were included as indicators of socioeconomic status. Additionally, the numbers of new cases and deaths were predicted from 2025 to 2040 by multiplying the anticipated population during this period by age-standardized rates. In 2020, there were 166,925 new cases of brain and CNS cancers in Asia, indicating a 5-year prevalence rate of 9.40 per 100,000. We also estimated the total ASIR, ASMR, and MIR as 3.20, 2.60, and 0.83, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between HDI and MIR (correlation coefficient: − 0.538, p value \u003C 0.001) and significant positive correlations between CHE/GDP% andASIR (correlation coefficient: 0.388, p value: 0.010) and ASMR (correlation coefficient: 0.373, p value: 0.014) . In 2040, there will be 232,000 new cases of brain and CNS cancers and 200,000 subsequent deaths in Asia. Our study revealed higher brain and CNS cancer rates in Western Asia among males and elderly individuals. These findings can aid policymakers in enhancing cancer care and suggest the consideration of risk factors in future research.  \nKeywords Brain neoplasm, Central nervous system neoplasm, Meningioma, Epidemiology, Incidence, Mortality, GLOBOCAN  \nBrain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers are a group of heterogeneous and complex cancers that originate from the brain and adjacent tissues and have a 5-year survival rate of approximately 36%, with a poor prognosis for both glioblastoma patients and the elderly1–3. Glioblastoma is the most common type of CNS cancer in Asia4. Glioblastoma was more common in males, whereas meningioma was more common in females. Additionally, in children under 14 years of age, both malignant and nonmalignant CNS cancers are the most prevalent type of solid cancers4,5. Male sex and higher socioeconomic status are associated with brain cancer burden6. However, risk factors, with genetics and ionizing radiation exposure as leading etiological factors, are rather unknown1,6. Depending on the affected site, symptoms, such as seizures, headache, and elevated intracranial pressure, can be focal or generalized7. Owing to recent developments in imaging techniques, changes in exposure to  \n1Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.  \n2Department of Community Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 3Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program (INRP), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 7Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Sci","cbCaivuXEClR07xp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivuXEClR07xp","pdf",3350845,16,"English","# Introduction and background\n## Cancer burden and data sources\n# Methods and indicators\n## Incidence, mortality, prevalence, and MIR\n## Socioeconomic status measures (HDI and CHE/GDP)\n# Results\n## 2020 burden in Asia and prevalence metrics\n## Correlations with socioeconomic indicators\n# Projections to 2040\n## Predicted new cases and deaths\n## Trend implications for policy and research","[{\"question\":\"What data source and measures were used to characterize brain and CNS cancer epidemiology in Asia?\",\"answer\":\"The study used the 2020 Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and calculated numbers, age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, five-year prevalent cases and rates, mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR), and crude rates.\"},{\"question\":\"How were socioeconomic status indicators incorporated?\",\"answer\":\"Human development index (HDI) and the current healthcare expenditure (CHE)-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio were used as socioeconomic status indicators, and they were correlated with cancer burden metrics.\"},{\"question\":\"What overall burden and projections does the study report for 2040?\",\"answer\":\"The study projects that by 2040 there will be about 232,000 new brain and CNS cancer cases and roughly 200,000 subsequent deaths in Asia, based on age-standardized rates applied to anticipated population.\"}]","Epidemiology and socioeconomic correlates of brain and central nervous system cancers in Asia in 2020 and their projection to 2040 - research report | PDF",1789998448]