[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-321483-105":59,"doc-detail-321483-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","epa-auto-emissions-control-shakeup-causes-industry-agency-uneasiness","EPA Auto Emissions Control Shakeup Causes Industry, Agency Uneasiness","","Report details how EPA plans to curb in-use vehicle emissions through a Hawkins-Walsh policy centered on inspection and maintenance (I/M). It outlines the expanded testing expectations beyond the Federal Test Procedure, additional administrative restructuring and resources, and industry backlash ranging from skepticism about unproven effectiveness to accusations of illegal or improperly implemented EPA actions. It also covers internal EPA criticism questioning I/M results and political feasibility.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/epa-auto-emissions-control-shakeup-causes-industry-agency-uneasiness/321483/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/epa-auto-emissions-control-shakeup-causes-industry-agency-uneasiness/321483.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ezra","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What policy does the Hawkins-Walsh approach emphasize to reduce auto emissions?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It emphasizes vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) as the key ingredient for emission reductions in use.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the EPA plan expand testing beyond the Federal Test Procedure?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It proposes additional tests reflecting “all types of urban driving conditions” and temperatures.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why do parts of the auto industry strongly oppose the EPA shift to in-use compliance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Critics argue I/M remains unproven, and they also cite concerns such as increased compliance cost, insufficient data, and the proposal’s alleged procedural and technical feasibility problems.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},321483,1790396620,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099514068035,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Industry spokesmen are not at all reticent,however,to lash out at a related Hawkins-Walsh planto curb in-use emissions.This plan,also proposed in late September,would require auto emission re-ductions not only under the current Federal Test Procedure but also under additional tests reflecting“all types of urban driving conditions”and temperatures.  \nPage 1  \n## EPA AUTO EMISSIONS CONTROL SHAKEUP CAUSES INDUSTRY,AGENCY UNEASINESS\n\nby Deborah R.Eby,A/WPR Associate Editor  \nSome auto industry officials might have sniggered when EPA's David Hawkins dumped Eric Storkas his chief aide for auto pollution control-for Stork,after all,had once publicly boasted that he\"had”the industry \"by the short hairs\"-but auto officials aren't laughing now.In the six monthssince the ouster of the man industry called the \"Iron Duke,\"Hawkins and new hand-picked deputyMichael Walsh have begun to translate their auto emission control philosophy into concrete policy.That philosophy,focusing on in-use vehicle control,has sent tremors through the industry,whosereactions range from skepticism to denunciations of allegedly illegal EPA actions.  \nThe key ingredient of the Hawkins-Walsh policy,first fully articulated at a late September meet-ing with industry,is vehicle inspection and maintenance,which some,including Stork,believe is stillan unproven method of emission reduction.Thanks in part to Hawkins'lobbying while a staff memberof the Natural Resources Defense Council,the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments require I/M for areaswhich do not meet ambient carbon monoxide or oxidant standards by 1982.  \nTo make sure states carry out the policy,EPA has re-shuffled its bureaucracy and has increasedmoney and manpower for I/M.At the same time,the agency has cut its staff for certifying prototypevehicles and warned industry that it must assume increased responsibility for seeing that tested carsmeet emission standards.Some auto interests vehemently oppose the policy shift.  \n\"We think this I/M program shouldn't start until they [EPA]can prove that it can do the job,\"American Automobile Association's William Berman said in an interview with the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.Berman recently completed an AAA study of I/M which suggests the program is unnecessaryand may be ineffective as well.\"States should resist the imposition of EPA's programs until theagency's standards are shown to be correct,\"the report recommends.  \n## Certification Now 'Black or White'\n\nThough the industry has long feared increased government emphasis on in-use compliance,themajor domestic auto makers have generally maintained a skeptical silence about the shift from certifi-cation.The manufacturers realize they might save money through EPA's“abbreviated”certificationreview,but also know EPA won't shepherd as many cars through the pre-sale process and may refuseto certify at the last moment,with little or no prior warning.As one apprehensive Washington autolobbyist puts it,\"there's not going to be as much grey -it's all going to be black or white.\"  \nAn outraged General Motors Corp.says the proposal's“deficiencies”include failure to provideadequate data,and\"failure to consider the lead time,test facilities'availability,the cost of complianceand the technological feasibility”of complying with the proposals.Agreeing with GM,the Automo-bile Importers of America,Inc.,also disputes EPA's proposal to classify non-FTP HC,CO and NOxemissions as \"unregulated”pollutants.\"If such were the case,\"AIA told EPA,\"no pollutant wouldever be a regulated pollutant,for there would always be cycles and temperatures not regulated.\"  \nIn perhaps the most vitriolic comment on the subject,Chrysler Corp.calls the EPA plan\"arbitrary and obviously impossible to achieve,\"because the “number of such [non-FTP]conditionsis literally infinite.\"Chrysler adds the plan“would cost us many times more in time,manpower,andmoney than can be saved by the abbreviated certification proposals.\"  \n(Continued on following page)  \nAir Mail delivery).Ad","cbCaipL3scWxQ2Jz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipL3scWxQ2Jz","pdf",1514231,"English","# EPA auto emissions control shakeup causes industry, agency uneasiness\n## Certification now 'black or white'\n## Air/water pollution report\n## Auto industry disturbed by EPA actions (cont.)","[{\"question\":\"What policy does the Hawkins-Walsh approach emphasize to reduce auto emissions?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) as the key ingredient for emission reductions in use.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the EPA plan expand testing beyond the Federal Test Procedure?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes additional tests reflecting “all types of urban driving conditions” and temperatures.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do parts of the auto industry strongly oppose the EPA shift to in-use compliance?\",\"answer\":\"Critics argue I/M remains unproven, and they also cite concerns such as increased compliance cost, insufficient data, and the proposal’s alleged procedural and technical feasibility problems.\"}]","EPA Auto Emissions Control Shakeup Causes Industry, Agency Uneasiness | PDF",1789959443,13]