[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-595132-105":59,"doc-detail-595132-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","environmental-conditions-and-husbandry-approach-affect-the-survival-and-physiology-of-the-california-blackworm-lumbriculus-variegatus-abstract","Environmental Conditions and Husbandry Approach Affect the Survival and Physiology of the California Blackworm (Lumbriculus variegatus) - Abstract","","The California Blackworm (Lumbriculus variegatus) is a freshwater segmented worm used as a model organism for inquiry-based biology investigations because dorsal blood vessel pulsation rate is quantifiable and photosensitive escape behavior yields a segmental reflex rate. The study examines how lighting, temperature, and water cleaning frequency influence dorsal vessel pulsation and segmental reflexes. Results show significant effects of environmental conditions on circulatory and motor function, supported by evidence-based recommendations for controlling conditions to obtain robust physiological data.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/environmental-conditions-and-husbandry-approach-affect-the-survival-and-physiology-of-the-california-blackworm-lumbriculus-variegatus-abstract/595132/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/environmental-conditions-and-husbandry-approach-affect-the-survival-and-physiology-of-the-california-blackworm-lumbriculus-variegatus-abstract/595132.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bulrr","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is Lumbriculus variegatus used as a model organism in biology education and research?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Its dorsal blood vessel pulsation rate is easy to quantify, and its photosensitive escape behavior can be measured as a segmental reflex rate, enabling physiological comparisons across conditions.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which environmental factors were tested in this study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study tested differing lighting, temperature, and water cleaning frequency conditions to evaluate their effects on physiology and survival.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What main conclusion does the study support about environmental conditions?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Circulatory and motor functions of L. variegatus are significantly affected by environmental conditions, highlighting the need for careful control to collect robust data.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595132,1792317170,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909892115043,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Environmental Conditions and Husbandry Approach Affect the Survival and Physiology of the  \nCalifornia Blackworm (Lumbriculus variegatus)  \nAbdel Daoud1, Erik V. Nordheim2, Seth A. McGee3, and Michelle A. Harris3  \n1 Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Campus, 2 UW-Madison, 3 UW-Madison, Biology Core Curriculum (Biocore)  \nAbstract: The California Blackworm (Lumbriculus variegatus) is a freshwater segmented worm species that has been used by biology instructors as a model system for inquiry-based student investigations. The blackworm dorsal blood vessel pulsation rate is easily quantified. Moreover, this species can facilitate the study of neuromuscular functioning via its photosensitive escape behavior which can be quantified as a segmental reflex rate. Both of these variables can be used to examine the physiological response of the L. variegatus circulatory and neuromuscular systems to environmental changes. Because knowledge about this species and its optimal environmental conditions is limited, we studied dorsal vessel pulsation and segmental reflexes of L.  \nvariegatus maintained at differing lighting, temperature and water cleaning frequency conditions. Our data strongly indicate that L. variegatus circulatory and motor functions are significantly affected by environmental conditions. We provide evidence-based recommendations for the careful control of environmental conditions that will allow instructors, students and researchers to collect robust data on L. variegatus and better utilize this model organism in their investigations.  \nKey Words: Anatomy and/or Physiology, Animal Behavior (Ethology) and Environmental Biology  \nIntroduction  \nLumbriculus variegatus, commonly known as California Blackworm, are freshwater segmented worms in the Annelida phylum (Jamieson, 1981) . They tend to feed on decaying vegetation and microorganisms (Drewes, 2004) . Therefore, they are often found at the shallow edges of ponds and lakes, the temperatures of which often range between 4°C and 15°C.  \nIn the past decade and a half, there has been an increasing interest in this species as a model organism and tool to aid in the understanding of biological systems, such asthe circulatory system. L. variegatus worms are suited to this task as the body wall is transparent which allows for the macroscopic inspection of the dorsal blood vessel, the larger of two major blood vessels, which runs along the posterior side of the worm (Lesiuk & Drewes, 1999) . As L. variegatus worms lack true cardiac tissue, they utilize rhythmic contractions of smooth tissue surrounding the dorsal bloodvessel to facilitate the flow of blood throughout the body within a closed circulatory system. Therefore, inspecting the dorsal blood vessel can be a convenient and informative approach to examine the L. variegatus circulatory system. However, as research studying L. variegatus physiology is relatively new, the extent of what we know about this species is limited. Gaining a clearer understanding about this physiology would help researchers, science instructors, and students to better utilize this model organism in their investigations. A detailed understanding of its husbandry is fundamental to such investigation.  \nL. variegatus are a useful model organism for the study of other physiological systems such as the neuromuscular system (Jamieson, 1981; Drewes & Fortner, 1989) . L. variegatus are sensitive to a variety of environmental conditions, such as light and slight pressure, that elicit discrete behavioral phenomena such as segmental shortening. Also, we have observed in an oxygen deficiency study (personal observations) that L. variegatus movement and dorsal blood vessel pulsation rates change when their environmental water is not frequently replenished. Additionally, vascular performance is highly dependent on temperature. For example, Fillafer and Schneider (2013)  \nshowed that cardiac arrest could occur in L. variegatus after heat shock treatment reaches a criti","cbCaiuST7TgPHvCG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuST7TgPHvCG","pdf",1226355,"English","# Introduction\n## Model organism and physiological readouts\n## Environmental sensitivity and rationale for husbandry optimization\n# Methods and Experimental Design\n## Environmental condition variables\n## Experimental setting under COVID-19 restrictions\n# Hypothesis and Measurements\n## Dorsal vessel pulsation and segmental reflex rates\n## Cardiovascular health assessment","[{\"question\":\"Why is Lumbriculus variegatus used as a model organism in biology education and research?\",\"answer\":\"Its dorsal blood vessel pulsation rate is easy to quantify, and its photosensitive escape behavior can be measured as a segmental reflex rate, enabling physiological comparisons across conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"Which environmental factors were tested in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study tested differing lighting, temperature, and water cleaning frequency conditions to evaluate their effects on physiology and survival.\"},{\"question\":\"What main conclusion does the study support about environmental conditions?\",\"answer\":\"Circulatory and motor functions of L. variegatus are significantly affected by environmental conditions, highlighting the need for careful control to collect robust data.\"}]","Environmental Conditions and Husbandry Approach Affect the Survival and Physiology of the California Blackworm (Lumbriculus variegatus) - Abstract | PDF",1792080506,18]