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The report uses TIMSS 2023 measures to profile students’ environmental literacy-related knowledge and to analyze contextual variables, highlighting national and global relevance for education policy. Findings are organized through conceptual frameworks and multiple group latent class analysis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/environmental-awareness-in-timss-2023-patterns-in-achievement-attitudes-behaviors-and-contexts/585098/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/environmental-awareness-in-timss-2023-patterns-in-achievement-attitudes-behaviors-and-contexts/585098.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the TIMSS 2023 Environmental Awareness report study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It studies students’ environmental knowledge and how it relates to environmental attitudes and behaviors, along with how parents, schools, and teachers contribute to these attributes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is environmental awareness connected to environmental literacy in the report?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Environmental awareness is described as the first stage toward environmental literacy, which progresses from awareness to concern and understanding, and ultimately to taking action and pro-environmental behavior.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What analytical approach does the report use for contextual patterns?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It presents results from multiple group latent class analysis (MG-LCA) to explore response patterns across item sets and variables for students, parents, schools, and teachers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},585098,1792191354,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Environmental  \nAwareness in TIMSS 2023:  \nPatterns in Achievement,  \nAttitudes, Behaviors, and Contexts  \nAllison Bookbinder, Katherine A. Reynolds, Dihao Leng, Lillian Tyack, Lale Khorramdel, UmmugulBezirhan  \n© IEA, 2025  \nCopyright © 2025  \nInternational Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)  \nEnvironmental Awareness in TIMSS 2023: Patterns in Achievement, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Contexts Allison Bookbinder, Katherine A. Reynolds, Dihao Leng, Lillian Tyack, Lale Khorramdel, Ummugul Bezirhan  \nSuggested citation:  \nBookbinder, A. , Reynolds, K.A. , Leng, D. , Tyack, L. , Khorramdel, L. & Bezirhan, U. (2025) . Environmental Awareness in TIMSS 2023: Patterns in Achievement, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Contexts. Boston College, TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center.  \n[https://doi.org/10.6017/lse.tpisc.qx7218](https://doi.org/10.6017/lse.tpisc.qx7218)  \nFor more information about PIRLS contact: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center  \nLynch School of Education and Human Development Boston College  \nChestnut Hill, MA 02467 United States  \ntel: +1-617-552-1600  \ne-mail: [timssandpirls@bc.edu](timssandpirls@bc.edu)[ ](timssandpirls@bc.edu)[timssandpirls.bc.edu](timssandpirls.bc.edu)  \nBoston College is an equal opportunity, affirmative action employer.  \nEnvironmental Awareness in TIMSS  \n2023: Patterns in Achievement, Attitudes,  \nBehaviors and Contexts Overview  \nIntroduction  \nEnvironmental sustainability and how best to promote sustainable development is a problem of increasing urgency for policymakers and researchers. Several international projects have been initiated to address these issues and provide frameworks for thinking about the development of individuals’ environmental awareness and their proclivities for environmental action.a TIMSS 2023 sought to contribute to these efforts by providing a measure of students’ environmental knowledge, accompanied by information about students’ environmental attitudes and behaviors. TIMSS 2023 also collected additional contextual information about the degree to which parents, schools, and teachers promote the development of these attributes. This TIMSS Insights report brings these different sources of information together, exploring environmental awareness in greater detail than the high level results provided in the TIMSS 2023 International Results.b Thereport highlights how environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are linked with the goal of providing valuable information for education policy to support efforts in enhancing students’environmental literacy both nationally and globally.  \nThe report begins with a brief overview of how environmental awareness has been conceptualized and how the construct is represented in the TIMSS 2023 instruments measuring student knowledge and attitudes. It then provides an overview of students’ average environmental knowledge across countries, before continuing to report environmental knowledge by contextual variables of interest—for girls and boys, for different levels of home resources, and for different school geographic locations. The report then takes a deeper dive into the different sources of contextual data related to environmental awareness, presenting the results of multiple group latent class analysis (MG-LCA) that explore patterns in responses across the different sets of items addressing environmental topics beyond students’ environmental awareness. These results are presented for student, parent, school, and teacher variables. Finally, the report concludes with key takeaways and suggestions for policy use and future research related to environmental awareness in TIMSS.  \na For example, Bianchi, G. , Pisiotis, U. and Cabrera Giraldez, M. , GreenComp, The European sustainability competence framework, Bacigalupo, M. and Punie, Y. (Eds.), EUR 30955 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2022, ISBN 978-92-76-46485-3, doi:10.2760/13286 ,  \nJRC128040; and Impact Assessment for Act","cbCaikovUySFemYk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikovUySFemYk","pdf",4611706,79,"English","# Introduction\n## Conceptualizing Environmental Awareness\n## Measuring Environmental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors\n## Student Results Across Countries and Contextual Variables\n## Multiple Group Latent Class Analysis (MG-LCA)\n## Policy Takeaways and Future Research","[{\"question\":\"What does the TIMSS 2023 Environmental Awareness report study?\",\"answer\":\"It studies students’ environmental knowledge and how it relates to environmental attitudes and behaviors, along with how parents, schools, and teachers contribute to these attributes.\"},{\"question\":\"How is environmental awareness connected to environmental literacy in the report?\",\"answer\":\"Environmental awareness is described as the first stage toward environmental literacy, which progresses from awareness to concern and understanding, and ultimately to taking action and pro-environmental behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"What analytical approach does the report use for contextual patterns?\",\"answer\":\"It presents results from multiple group latent class analysis (MG-LCA) to explore response patterns across item sets and variables for students, parents, schools, and teachers.\"}]","Environmental Awareness in TIMSS 2023 - Patterns in Achievement, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Contexts | PDF",1792053648,199]