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Using Gardner’s revised multiple intelligences theory, the author treats “existential” intelligence as a lens to analyze educational implications and the cognitive possibilities of plant teachers. Challenges dominant Western assumptions that equate hallucinogenic drug use with inherent harm, and confronts how constraining views of intelligence shape contemporary educational thought and policy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/entheogens-and-existential-intelligence-the-use-of-plant-teachers-as-cognitive-tools/597264/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/entheogens-and-existential-intelligence-the-use-of-plant-teachers-as-cognitive-tools/597264.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blue Pony","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"什么是“entheogens”，为什么作者将其视为认知工具？","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"作者将 entheogens 视为被用作精神圣礼的致幻性植物，并认为它们可作为认知工具，帮助个体获得更丰富的世界理解。","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"文章如何运用 Gardner 的理论来讨论“existential intelligence”？",{"text":117,"@type":113},"文章使用 Gardner 修订后的多元智能理论，并以其中提出的“存在/存在论（existential）智能”作为理论视角，来解释 entheogens 的认知可能性与教育层面的潜在影响。",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"文章如何回应现代西方文化对致幻药物的主流看法？",{"text":121,"@type":113},"文章挑战先入为主地把致幻性药物使用视为必然有害且毫无价值的长期范式，旨在纠正对某些致幻物质使用的贬抑与禁令所依据的假设。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},597264,1792084705,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090760266,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Entheogens and Existential Intelligence: The Use of Plant Teachers as Cognitive Tools  \nKenneth W. Tupper  \nIn light of recent specific liberalizations in drug laws in some countries, I have investigated the potential of entheogens (i.e., psychoactive plants used as spiritual sacraments) as tools to facilitate existential intelligence.“Plantteachers” from the Americas such as ayahuasca, psilocybin mushrooms, and peyote, and the Indo-Aryan soma of Eurasia, are examples of entheogens that have been used used in both the past and present. These have all been revered as spiritual or cognitive tools to provide a richer cosmological understanding of the world for both individuals and cultures. I used Gardner’s (1999a) revised multiple intelligence theory and his postulation ofan “existential” intelligence as a theoretical lens through which to account for the cognitive possibilities of entheogens and explore potential ramifications for education.  \nKeywords: multiple intelligences, existential intelligence, entheogen, ayahuasca, hallucinogen  \nÀ la lumière des libéralisations récentes des lois sur les drogues dans certains pays, l’auteur a étudié le potentiel des enthéogènes (des plantes psychoactives utilisées commesacrements spirituels) comme outils favorisant l’intelligence existentielle. Ces « phytomaîtres » desAmériques, commel’aya-huasca, les champignons de psilocybineetle peyolt, ainsi que le soma indo-aryen de l’Eurasie sont des exemples d’enthéogènes utilisés dans le passé et de nos jours etvénérés par des particuliers etdiverses cultures commedes outils spirituels ou cognitifs permettantd’accéder à une compréhension plus richedu cosmos. L’auteur a utilisé la théorie réviséedel’intelligence multiple de Gardner (1999a) et à son postulat au sujet d’une intelligence « existentielle » comme une lentille théorique pouvantexpliquer les possibilités cognitivesdesenthéogènesetservir à explorer des ramifications potentielles pour l’éducation.  \nMots clés : intelligence multiple, intelligence existentielle, enthéogène, ayahuasca, hallucinogène  \nIn this article I assess and further develop the possibility of an existential intelligence as postulated by Gardner (1999a) . Moreover, I entertain the possibility that some kinds of psychoactive substances—entheogens—have the potential to facilitate this kind of intelligence. This issue rises from the recent liberalization of drug laws in several Western industrialized  \nCANADIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 27, 4 (2002): 499–516  \ncountries to allow for the sacramental use of ayahuasca, a psychoactive tea brewed from plants indigenous to the Amazon. I challenge readers to step outside a long-standing dominant paradigm in modern Western culture that a priori regards hallucinogenic drug use as necessarily maleficent and devoid of merit. The intent of my discussion is to confront assumptions about drugs that have unjustly perpetuated the disparagement and prohibition of some kinds of psychoactive substance use. More broadly, I challenge assumptions about intelligence thatconstrain contemporary educational thought.  \nScholars have coined the word en theogen to replace the term psychedelic (Ruck, Bigwood, Staples, Ott, & Wasson, 1979), which was felt to overly connote psychological and clinical paradigms and to be too socio-culturally loaded from its 1960s roots to appropriately designate the revered plants and substances used in traditional rituals. I use both terms in this article:  \nen theogen when referring to a substance used as a spiritual or sacramental tool, and psychedelic when referring to one used for any number of purposes during or following the so-called psychedelic era of the 1960s (recognizing that some contemporary non-indigenous uses may be entheogenic—the categories are by no means clearly discreet) . What kinds of plants or chemicals fall into the category ofentheogen is a matter of debate because different cultures at different times have venerated a large number ofinebriants—from ","cbCaicnAoK5CsFKZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicnAoK5CsFKZ","pdf",524103,18,"English","# Introduction\n# Existential Intelligence and Enteogens\n## Historical and Conceptual Framing\n# Legal and Cultural Context\n## Precedents and Educational Implications","[{\"question\":\"什么是“entheogens”，为什么作者将其视为认知工具？\",\"answer\":\"作者将 entheogens 视为被用作精神圣礼的致幻性植物，并认为它们可作为认知工具，帮助个体获得更丰富的世界理解。\"},{\"question\":\"文章如何运用 Gardner 的理论来讨论“existential intelligence”？\",\"answer\":\"文章使用 Gardner 修订后的多元智能理论，并以其中提出的“存在/存在论（existential）智能”作为理论视角，来解释 entheogens 的认知可能性与教育层面的潜在影响。\"},{\"question\":\"文章如何回应现代西方文化对致幻药物的主流看法？\",\"answer\":\"文章挑战先入为主地把致幻性药物使用视为必然有害且毫无价值的长期范式，旨在纠正对某些致幻物质使用的贬抑与禁令所依据的假设。\"}]","Entheogens and Existential Intelligence: The Use of Plant Teachers as Cognitive Tools | PDF",45]