[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-494332-105":59,"doc-detail-494332-en":122},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":115,"head_meta":117,"extra_data":119,"updated_unix":121},105,"en","english-reading-comprehension-in-the-toefl-context","English Reading Comprehension in the TOEFL Context","","English has become a globally expanding language, driving demand in education, youth culture, internet communication, and academic or career advancement. The text explains English competency measurement through tests such as TOEFL, highlighting that prior coursework does not guarantee the expected score for English Department students. It defines reading comprehension as a complex process of constructing meaning from text using cognitive skills, prior knowledge, and coherent mental representation. It also outlines TOEFL reading question types and course aims, including detailed comprehension, main ideas, inferences, tone and purpose, and extensive reading activities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/english-reading-comprehension-in-the-toefl-context/494332/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/english-reading-comprehension-in-the-toefl-context/494332.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Asher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How is reading comprehension defined and what factors affect it?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Reading comprehension is presented as making meaning from text through a complex interaction of cognitive skills. Success depends on integrating the text’s meaning with the reader’s prior knowledge, and difficulties can lead to comprehension failure.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":116,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":118,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":120,"site_id":62},494332,1792218204,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":123},{"doc_id":120,"user_id":124,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":131,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":132,"faqs":133,"seo_title":134,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":135,"read_time":136,"preview_page_count":4},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","INTRODUCTION  \nEnglish has become a language which is most widely spoken and it becomes a language which has the fastest spreading in the world. This fact has been predicted by Graddol (1998), he stated that the language of English will continue to grow in popularity and influence without special study or strategy management. He, also, stated English in 21st-century impacts various aspects, such as global media, youth culture, internet communication, time and place, workplace, education, and training. In the  \neducational field, the need of English has been varied. Some people eager to learn English for getting international scholarship, while others, just simply, need to pass final stage of school or university.  \nThe abilities in using English have to be proven if someone needs to get abetter education or career. In measuring English competency there are several tests which are available. ETS (Educational Testing Service) stated that TOEFL is the most popular and most common test. In getting the score that people need, there  \nare many institutions which offer TOEFL class. But, English Department in Teacher Training and Education Faculty students seem do not need to take those classes since all of the materials have been taught in their classes. Students are taugh tall of the English skills and elements, such as Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing, and Vocabulary also Grammar, from the basic level to the advance level. Therefore, it is expected that students, who have graduated from the English Department and mastered the English skills and elements, get minimum TOEFL score 500. Score 500 means they are in Post Intermediate level or they are competent users.  \nHowever, the numbers of courses which are taken by students in the classes do not guarantee them to get the expected TOEFL score. The researcher had done an investigation by doing informal interview and found that some of them have not reached the minimum 500 score. In Sujana et al. (2005), it is stated that the TOEFL score of English Department students in that year was only 459which means they were in Upper Intermediate level or they were simply independent user and for Reading Comprehension, the range of score was 310-570 with average correct answers 25 out 50.  \nReading is an activity which is not simply just for recognizing each word in a text..Moreover, according to Healy (2002), reading is a complex process that requires a careful and systematic instructional approach. Along with other skills,Reading creates a unity like a tapestry and it consists of 6 foundational threads or elements; readiness/phonemic awareness, phonics and decoding, fluency, vocabulary and word recognition, higher-order thinking and last comprehension (Tankersley,  \n2003).Meanwhile, comprehension is a process in achieving what readers get from reading activity. It involves the interaction of a wide range of cognitive skillsand processes and there are many  \noccasions where difficulties arise that may lead tocomprehension failure (Cain and Oakhill, 2007).Based on the definitions above, reading comprehension is the process of making meaning from text or passage. According toKwiatkowska-White (2012),a  \nsuccessful reading comprehension is a coherent mental representation of a text’s meaning that is integrated with the reader’s prior knowledge. Furthermore, Tankersley (2003), in herbook, Threads of Reading: Strategies in Literacy Development, stated that world of tomorrow requires not only skillful readers but also high-level thinkers and processors of knowledge. Therefore, comprehending a text or even a book well is needed in order to enrich the knowledge of readers.  \nIn assessing reading comprehension there are various ways can be done, one of which is test. One example of tests that maybe taken as reading comprehension assessment is TOEFL, Test of English as a Foreign Language.In reading section of TOEFL, test participant is expected to answer questions regarding to short texts given. Topi","cbCaihYMi7pMdNAS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihYMi7pMdNAS","pdf",142071,"English","# Introduction\n## English language demand and TOEFL assessment\n## Reading as a complex process\n## Reading comprehension assessment and TOEFL question types\n## Goals of reading courses and reading formats","[{\"question\":\"How is reading comprehension defined and what factors affect it?\",\"answer\":\"Reading comprehension is presented as making meaning from text through a complex interaction of cognitive skills. Success depends on integrating the text’s meaning with the reader’s prior knowledge, and difficulties can lead to comprehension failure.\"}]","English Reading Comprehension in the TOEFL Context | PDF",1790891205,15]