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and AP participation?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It uses data from the 2017–18 Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) to analyze dual enrollment and Advanced Placement (AP) exam participation for students in grades nine through 12.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What does the fact sheet say about English learners’ access to dual enrollment?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"In schools that offer dual enrollment, English learners are underrepresented and are less likely than non-EL students to enroll when dual enrollment options are available.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why might AP exam participation differ between English learners and all students?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The fact sheet points to factors such as language barriers on the AP exam and cost barriers, noting that fee reductions and state support can mitigate 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fact sheet uses data from the 2017–18 Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) to explore information about dual enrollment and Advanced Placement (AP) exam participation for students enrolled in grades nine to 12. 1 This fact sheet is a complement to an August 2021 fact sheet that covered AP and IB course-taking using the same CRDC data. The CRDC is a biennial survey administered by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights. Credits earned through dual enrollment courses and/or AP exams may reduce students’ postsecondary course load or shorten their time to earn a degree. Dual enrollment/dual credit programs provide opportunities for high school students to take college-level courses and earn concurrent credit toward a high school diploma and a college degree. Only schools that serve students in grades nine through 12 offer dual enrollment courses, and not all such schools do offer them. However, a majority of students in grades nine through 12 (75%) attend a school that offers dual-enrollment options.  \nStudent Access to Dual Enrollment Courses: School Year 2017–18  \nApproximately one out of every four students in grades nine to 122 attends a school that does not offer dual enrollment, 3 and three out of every four students in these grades attend a school that does.4  \nIn the subset of schools that offer dual enrollment courses, English learners (ELs) are underrepresented. ELsare less likely than non-EL students to enroll in dual enrollment courses when they are offered. Research suggests that EL students in secondary grades struggle to access rigorous grade-level coursework.5 Challenges for ELs may lie in scheduling language instruction courses along with a full academic course load, and/or from prerequisites that ELs may not have had an opportunity to complete. Over time, obstacles can accumulate and hinder ELs’ opportunity to be prepared for dual-enrollment courses when they are available.6  \nDual Enrollment: English Learners vs. All Students: School Year 2017–18  \nAcross all states, fewer than one in twenty high school ELs (4%) enrolled in dual enrollment courses when they were available, compared to slightly more than two in 20 students in the total population (11%).  \n1 AP refers to a program, sponsored by the College Board, through which students may earn college credit and advanced college placement by successfully completing AP courses and standardized AP exams.  \n2 Dual-enrollment-eligible schools are those with students enrolled in grades nine to 12, or with ungraded high school-aged students  \n3 27% or 4,826,596 students.  \n4 73% or 12,975,272 students.  \n5 Umansky, I. M. (2016) . Leveled and exclusionary tracking: English learners’ access to academic content in middle school. American Educational Research Journal, 53(6), 1792–1833.  \n6 Callahan, R. M. (2005) . Tracking and high school English learners: Limiting opportunity to learn. American Educational Research Journal, 42(2), 305–328.  \nAdvanced Placement Exam Participation in States With the Narrowest and Widest Participation Divide Between ELs and All Students: School Year 2017–18  \n0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%  \nDistrict of Columbia  \nTennessee Pennsylvania Texas Alaska  \nNATIONAL MEDIAN  \nSouth Dakota Arizona Montana Minnesota North Dakota  \nPercentage of AP-enrolled ELs who took exams  \n Percentage of all AP-enrolled students who took exams  \n In nearly all states, ELs were  \n underrepresented in AP exam  \n participation in 2017–18.7 Participation  gaps between ELs and all students  \n ranged from a low of 4 percentage  \n points (in the District of Columbia) to  a high of 60 percentage points (in  \n North Dakota) . States with the  \n narrowest gaps generally had larger EL  populations than states with wider  \n gaps. The range in AP participation for  students overall was relatively narrow  across the states, with values ranging  from a low of 56%(in Ar","cbCaivXwPudFlroa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivXwPudFlroa","pdf",263177,"English","# Student Access to Dual Enrollment Courses: School Year 2017–18\n## Dual enrollment eligibility and access gaps for English learners\n# Dual Enrollment: English Learners vs. All Students: School Year 2017–18\n## Participation rates\n# Advanced Placement Exam Participation in States With the Narrowest and Widest Participation Divide Between ELs and All Students: School Year 2017–18\n## State-level participation gaps\n# Advanced Placement Exam Participation Nationally English Learners vs. All Students: School Year 2017–18\n## National participation patterns and contributing factors","[{\"question\":\"How does the fact sheet measure dual enrollment and AP participation?\",\"answer\":\"It uses data from the 2017–18 Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) to analyze dual enrollment and Advanced Placement (AP) exam participation for students in grades nine through 12.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the fact sheet say about English learners’ access to dual enrollment?\",\"answer\":\"In schools that offer dual enrollment, English learners are underrepresented and are less likely than non-EL students to enroll when dual enrollment options are available.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might AP exam participation differ between English learners and all students?\",\"answer\":\"The fact sheet points to factors such as language barriers on the AP exam and cost barriers, noting that fee reductions and state support can mitigate costs.\"}]","English Learners in College Credit-Bearing Courses - Fact Sheet | PDF",1792059636]