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Hoogenraad  \n◎ Geoffrey Leech,Margaret Deucher,Robert Hoogenraad 1982  \nAll rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission ofthis publication may be made without written permission.  \nNo paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied ortransmitted save with written permission or in accordance withthe provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copyingissued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham CourtRoad,London WiP9HE.  \nAny person who does any unauthorised act in relation to thispublication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civilclaims for damages.  \nFirst published 1982 byTHE MACMILLAN PRESS LTDHoundmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG212XSand London  \nCompanies and representativesthroughout the world  \nISBN 0-333-30643-0 hardcover  \nISBN0-333-30644-9 paperback  \nPrinted in Hong Kong  \nReprinted 1982(with corrections),1984(with revisions),1985(twice),1986,1987,1989,1990,1991,1993  \n水  \nContents  \nForeword  \nPreface  \nSymbols and conventions  \nPART A:INTRODUCTION  \n1 What grammar is and is not  \n1.1 Grammar and its role in language3  \n5  \n1.2 'Good'and 'bad'grammar  \n1.3 Variation in language6  \n1.4 English and other languages10  \n1.5Grammar and effective communication12  \n1.6 Grammar in prose style13  \n1.7 Grammar in poetry15  \n1.8 Conclusion16Exercises17  \nPART B:ANALYSIS  \n2 Sentences and their parts  \n2.1 Prologue:parts of speech23  \n2.2 The hierarchy of units26  \n2.3 Grammatical notations28  \n2.4 Using tests30  \n2.5 Form and function32  \n2.6 Summary36Exercises37  \n3 Words  \n3.1 Open and closed word classes  \n41  \n3.2 The open classes  \n43  \n3.3 Closed word classes  \n50  \n54  \n3.4 Summary and conclusion  \n55  \nExercises  \nixxi  \n3  \n41  \n4 Phrases  \n57  \n4.1 Classes of phrase  \n58  \n4.2 Main and subordinate phrases  \n60  \n4.3 Noun phrases and related phrase classes  \n65  \n4.4 The adjective phrase and the adverb phrase  \n66  \n4.5 The verb phrase  \n4.6 Summary  \n70  \n71  \nExercises  \n5 Clauses  \n5.1 Elements of the clause  \n5.2 Complex sentences75  \n5.3 Finite and non-finite clauses77  \n5.4 Declarative,interrogative and imperative78clauses79  \n5.5 Active and passive clauses82  \n5.6 More on clause structure82  \n5.7 Clause patterns84  \n5.8 The structure of non-finite clauses86  \n5.9 Parsing a simple sentence87  \n5.10 Summary91Exercises91  \n6 Subordination and coordination  \n6.1 Subordinate clauses93  \n6.2 Finite subordinate clauses96  \n6.3 The functions of subordinate clauses100  \n6.4 Non-finite subordinate clauses101  \n6.5 Direct and indirect subordination103  \n6.6 Skeleton analysis105  \n6.7 Coordination107  \n6.8 Summary and conclusion109Exercises111  \n7 Basic and derived structures  \n113  \n7.1 Constituent structure grammar113  \n75  \n93  \n7.2 Basic and derived structures114  \n7.3 'Missing'elements116  \n7.4 Split constituents119  \n7.5 'Double analysis'120  \n7.6 Back to parsing123  \n7.7 Style and transformations  \n125  \n7.8 Summary and conclusion128Exercises129  \nPART C:APPLICATIONS  \n8 Discourse analysis:speech and writing  \n133  \n8.1 Introductory133  \n8.2 Speech and writing:which comes first?133  \n8.3 Functions of writing and speech134  \n8.4 The form of speech and writing135  \n8.5 Linguistic characteristics of speech andwriting136  \n8.6 Analysis of spoken and written discourse140  \n8.7 Conclusion143Exercise143  \n9 Discourse analysis:tenor and domain  \n145  \n9.1 Introductory145  \n9.2 Tenor145  \n9.3 Tenor and discourse146  \n9.4 Domain150  \n9.5 Domain and discourse151  \n9.6 Combining categories of use153Exercise155  \n10 Analysis of literary discourse  \n158  \n10.1 How to analyse style158  \n10.2 Illustrative extract166  \n10.3 Outline analysis167  \n10.4 Further illustrative extracts for discussion168Exercises170  \n11 Grammar and problems of usage  \n11.1 Opinions about grammar171  \n171  \n11.2 Prescriptive 'rules172  \n11.3 The priests of usage174  \n11.4","cbCaihHbTgzERHVN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihHbTgzERHVN","pdf",14131500,121,"English","# Foreword\n# Preface\n# Symbols and conventions\n# PART A: INTRODUCTION\n## What grammar is and is not\n## Exercises\n# PART B: ANALYSIS\n## Sentences and their parts\n## Words\n## Phrases\n## Clauses\n## Subordination and coordination\n## Basic and derived structures\n## Exercises\n# PART C: APPLICATIONS\n## Discourse analysis: speech and writing\n## Discourse analysis: tenor and domain\n## Analysis of literary discourse\n## Grammar and problems of usage\n## Grammar and composition\n# Exercises and Answers\n# Further reading\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What does the book explain about what grammar is and is not?\",\"answer\":\"It introduces grammar’s role in language and distinguishes “good” from “bad” grammar. It also discusses variation in language and English in relation to other languages, including grammar for effective communication and prose and poetry styles.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book analyze sentences and their parts?\",\"answer\":\"It covers parts of speech, the hierarchy of units, grammatical notations, and the use of tests. It also explains form and function as part of sentence analysis and includes exercises to practice these methods.\"},{\"question\":\"How are grammar topics applied to real writing and discourse?\",\"answer\":\"The applications sections analyze speech and writing, explore tenor and domain, and show how to analyze literary discourse style. The book also addresses problems of usage and provides guidance on grammar in composition, including clarity, economy, and effectiveness.\"}]","English Grammar for Today - A new introduction | PDF",1790858398,305]