[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-38678-en":3,"doc-seo-38678-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},38678,1374391974564,"Clementine","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002",8,"Research & Report","English for Specific Purposes: A Learning-Centred Approach","English for Specific Purposes: A learning-centred approach presents a structured guide to teaching and course design for ESP. The book outlines the foundations and origins of ESP, develops principles for needs analysis and language descriptions, and connects learning theories to practical classroom decisions. It covers syllabus planning, materials evaluation and design, methodology, and approaches to evaluation. The role of the ESP teacher is also addressed, supported by resources, bibliography, and an index.","[  \neocs  \nEnglish for Specific PurposesA learning-centred approach  \n1006  \nNEW DIRECTIONS IN LANGUAGE TEACHINGEditors:Howard B.Altman and Peter Strevens  \nThis important series is for language teachers and others who:-need to be informed about the key issues facing the language teachingprofession today;  \n-want to understand the theoretical issues underlying current debates;  \n-wish to relate theory to classroom practice.  \nIn this series:  \nCommunicative Language Teaching-An introductionby William Littlewood  \nDeveloping Reading Skills-A practical guide to reading comprehensionexercises by Francoise Grellet  \nSimulations in Language Teaching by Ken Jones  \nVideo in Language TeachingbyJack Lonergan  \nComputers,Language Learning and Language Teachingby Khurshid Ahmad,Greville Corbett,Margaret Rogers and Roland Sussex  \nBeyond Methodology-Second language teaching and the communityby Mary Ashworth  \nCourse Design-Developing programs and materials for language learningby Fraida Dubin and Elite Olshtain  \nEnglish for Specific Purposes-A learning-centred approachby Tom Hutchinson and Alan Waters  \nPrinciples of Course Design for Language Teaching by Janice Yalden  \nStrategic Interaction-Learning languages through scenariosby Robert J.Di Pietro  \nSelf-instruction in Language Learning by Leslie Dickinson  \nUnderstanding Research in Second Language Learning-A teacher'sguide to statistics and research design by James Dean Brown  \nFocus on the Language Classroom-An introduction to classroom researchfor language teachers by Dick Allwright and Kathleen M.Bailey  \n图图  \n照  \nEnglish forSpecific Purposes  \nA learning-centredapproach  \nTom Hutchinson andAlan Waters  \nCambridge University PressCambridge  \nNew York Port ChesterMebourne Sydney  \nPE128  \n488  \nPublished by the Press Syndicate of the University of CambridgeThe Pitt Building,Trumpington Street,Cambridge CB2 IRP40 West zoth Street,New York,NY IOOII-42II,USAro Stamford Road,Oakleigh,Victoria 3I66,Australia  \n◎Cambridge University Press I987  \nFirst published I987  \nSixth printing x99I  \nPrinted in Great Britain atBell &Bain Ltd,Glasgow  \nLibrary of Congress catalogue card number:86-9528  \nBritish Library cataloguing in publication dataHutchinson,Tom,I948-  \nEnglish for Specific Purposes:a learning-centred approach.  \n-(New directions in language teaching)  \nI.English language-Study and teaching  \n-Foreign speakers  \nI.Title II.Waters,Alan,1947-  \nIII.Series  \n428.2'4'07  \nPEI128.A2  \nISBN o 521267323 hard coversISBN o 521318378 paperback  \n260613  \nPE1128.A2 H88  \nME1ULBRAR  \naoorppee     ct  \n0020026866  \nof螺ct.,92  G璃.69  \nTo Pam and Mary  \n触  \n据  \n页33  \n密的经部这  \n题  \n燃露  \n繁  \n露愿  \nContents  \nThanks viii  \nIntroduction  \nI  \nSection 1 What is ESP?5r The origins of ESP 6z The development of ESP 93 ESP:approach not productI6  \nSection 2 Course design   2I  \n4 Language descriptions 245Theories of learning 396 Needs analysis 537 Approaches to course design 65  \nSection 3 Application798 The syllabus 8o9 Materials evaluation 96Io Materials design IO6II MethodologyI28I2 EvaluationI44  \nSection 4 The role of the ESP teacher 157  \nI3 Orientation  \nI58  \nAppendix:resources I70  \nBibliography I74  \nAcknowledgements 18o  \nIndex I8r  \nThanks  \nWe would like to express our gratitude to all those who have,knowinglyor otherwise,helped to shape the ideas that have gone into this book.First of all,we would like to thank our colleagues at the University ofLancaster,both in the Institute for English Language Education and inthe Department of Linguistics,and all the students and teachers whohave attended our courses there.We are also grateful to the staff andstudents of the many institutions and projects with whom we have beenassociated around the world.In particular,we would like to mentionthe Brazilian National ESP Project;King Mongkut's Institute of Tech-nology,Thonburi,Thailand;the Sri Lankan Ministry of Higher Educa-tion ESP Project;Kuwait University Language Centre;De La SalleUniversity,Manila,Phil","cbCaiub8YUCpnnjG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiub8YUCpnnjG","pdf",5721218,1,188,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Section 1 What is ESP?\n## The origins of ESP\n## The development of ESP\n## ESP: approach not product\n# Section 2 Course design\n## Language descriptions\n## Theories of learning\n## Needs analysis\n## Approaches to course design\n# Section 3 Application\n## The syllabus\n## Materials evaluation\n## Materials design\n## Methodology\n## Evaluation\n# Section 4 The role of the ESP teacher\n## Orientation\n# Appendix: resources\n# Bibliography\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What does the book define as ESP and how does it trace ESP’s origins?\",\"answer\":\"The book presents ESP as an approach and explains its origins and development, emphasizing how ESP evolved rather than treating it as a single fixed product.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book connect course design to learning theory?\",\"answer\":\"Course design is developed through language descriptions, theories of learning, and needs analysis, then linked to approaches for designing effective learning programmes.\"},{\"question\":\"What practical areas of ESP implementation are covered?\",\"answer\":\"The application sections address syllabus development, materials evaluation and design, methodology, and evaluation, focusing on how these elements support ESP teaching in 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