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Ashby  \nand  \nDavid R. H. Jones  \nDepartment of Engineering, Cambridge University, England  \nOXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI  \nButterworth-Heinemann  \nLinacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP  \n225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041  \nA division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd  \nA member of the Reed Elsevier plc group  \nFirst edition 1986  \nReprinted with corrections 1988  \nReprinted 1989, 1992  \nSecond edition 1998  \nReprinted 1999  \n© Michael F. Ashby and David R. H. Jones 1998  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE.  \nApplications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 4019 7  \nPrinted and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and Kingd’s Lynn  \nContents  \nGeneral introduction ix  \nA. Metals  \n1. Metals 3 the generic metals and alloys; iron-based, copper-based, nickel-based, aluminium-based and titanium-based alloys; design data  \n2. Metal structures 14 the range of metal structures that can be altered to get different  \nproperties: crystal and glass structure, structures of solutions and compounds, grain and phase boundaries, equilibrium shapes of grains and phases  \n3. Equilibrium constitution and phase diagrams 25 how mixing elements to make an alloy can change their structure;  \nexamples: the lead–tin, copper–nickel and copper–zinc alloy systems  \n4. Case studies in phase diagrams 34 choosing soft solders; pure silicon for microchips; making bubble-free ice  \n5. The driving force for structural change 46 the work done during a structural change gives the driving force for the change; examples: solidification, solid-state phase changes, precipitate coarsening, grain growth, recrystallisation; sizes of driving forces  \n6. Kinetics of structural change: I – diffusive transformations 57 why transformation rates peak – the opposing claims of driving force and thermal activation; why latent heat and diffusion slow  \ntransformations down  \n7. Kinetics of structural change: II – nucleation 68 how new phases nucleate in liquids and solids; why nucleation is helped by solid catalysts; examples: nucleation in plants, vapour trails, bubble chambers and caramel  \nvi Contents  \n8. Kinetics of structural change: III – displacive transformations 76  \nhow we can avoid diffusive transformations by rapid cooling; the  \nalternative – displacive (shear) transformations at the speed of sound  \n9. Case studies in phase transformations 89 artificial rain-making; fine-grained castings; single crystals for semiconductors; amorphous metals  \n10. The light alloys 100 where they score over steels; how they can be made stronger: solution, age and work hardening; thermal stability  \n11. Steels: I – carbon steels 113 structures produced by diffusive changes; structures produced by  \ndisplacive changes (martensite); why quenching and tempering can  \ntransform the strength of steels; the TTT diagram  \n12. Steels: II – alloy steels 125 adding other elements gives hardenability (ease of","cbCaivVGdAqj2equ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivVGdAqj2equ","pdf",12822859,393,"English","# General introduction\n# A. Metals\n## 1. Metals\n## 2. Metal structures\n## 3. Equilibrium constitution and phase diagrams\n## 4. Case studies in phase diagrams\n## 5. The driving force for structural change\n## 6. Kinetics of structural change: I – diffusive transformations\n## 7. Kinetics of structural change: II – nucleation\n## 8. Kinetics of structural change: III – displacive transformations\n## 9. Case studies in phase transformations\n## 10. The light alloys\n## 11. Steels: I – carbon steels\n## 12. Steels: II – alloy steels\n## 13. Case studies in steels\n## 14. Production, forming and joining of metals\n# B. Ceramics and glasses\n## 15. Ceramics and glasses\n## 16. Structure of ceramics\n## 17. The mechanical properties of ceramics\n## 18. The statistics of brittle fracture and case study\n## 19. Production, forming and joining of ceramics\n## 20. Special topic: cements and concretes\n# C. Polymers and composites\n## 21. Polymers\n## 22. The structure of polymers\n## 23. Mechanical behaviour of poly","[{\"question\":\"What topics does Engineering Materials 2 cover for metals?\",\"answer\":\"The book covers metal microstructures, equilibrium phase diagrams, driving forces for structural change, and kinetics (diffusive transformations, nucleation, and displacive transformations). It also includes light alloys, carbon and alloy steels, and production/forming/joining methods.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book connect processing to material properties?\",\"answer\":\"It explains how microstructure evolves during processing through phase transformations and kinetic mechanisms, then links those structures to resulting properties. The emphasis is on design-relevant understanding rather than isolated descriptions.\"},{\"question\":\"What is included in the ceramics and glasses part?\",\"answer\":\"It introduces the generic classes of ceramics and glasses, their structures, and mechanical properties such as stiffness, hardness, toughness limitations, and thermal shock resistance. It also discusses brittle fracture statistics using the Weibull distribution and includes processing routes and a special topic on cements and concretes.\"}]","Engineering Materials 2 - An Introduction to Microstructures, Processing and Design | PDF",990]