[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-352744-105":59,"doc-detail-352744-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","engineering-extracellular-vesicles-for-tumor-targeted-therapy-source-optimization-modification-and-clinical-application","Engineering Extracellular Vesicles for Tumor Targeted Therapy - Source Optimization, Modification, and Clinical Application","","Cancer remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, and conventional modalities like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are constrained by invasiveness, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a cell-free nanotherapeutic platform as endogenous nanocarriers for targeted delivery of nucleic acids, chemotherapeutics, and immunomodulators. This review covers animal- and plant-derived EVs, their translational roles in immune activation, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and anti-angiogenesis, and engineering modifications to improve loading, targeting, and in vivo stability. Key challenges include EV heterogeneity, scalable production, standardized characterization, loading efficiency, and long-term safety.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/engineering-extracellular-vesicles-for-tumor-targeted-therapy-source-optimization-modification-and-clinical-application/352744/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/engineering-extracellular-vesicles-for-tumor-targeted-therapy-source-optimization-modification-and-clinical-application/352744.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are extracellular vesicles (EVs) considered promising for tumor targeted therapy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"EVs act as endogenous nanocarriers that can deliver diverse bioactive cargoes more precisely to tumor tissues, potentially improving efficacy while reducing off-target effects.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the review cover about EV sources and translational applications?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It summarizes characteristics of animal-derived and plant-derived EVs and discusses their applications across cancers, including immune activation, targeted delivery, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and anti-angiogenesis.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which engineering strategies are highlighted for EV modification?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review describes bioengineering approaches to optimize cargo loading, targeting specificity, and in vivo stability, including innovations such as AI-assisted design and microfluidic manufacturing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},352744,1790673480,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","International Journal of Nanomedicine  \nOpen Access Full Text Article REVIEW  \nEngineering Extracellular Vesicles for Tumor Targeted Therapy: Source Optimization, Modification, and Clinical Application  \nJiaxin Sui 1–5 , *, HanBin Qin2–6 , *, Zile Zhang2–5 , 7 , Xiaojing Lv 1–5 , Xinhua Lin2–6 , Zhonglu Liu2–5 , Xin Zhao2–5 , Xuexia Liu8 , Hua Zhang 2–5  \n1Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 5Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 6School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 7Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 8Shandong Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China  \n*These authors contributed equally to this work  \nCorrespondence: Xuexia Liu; Hua Zhang, Email [xue6er6@163.com](xue6er6@163.com); [zhang0hua@163.com](zhang0hua@163.com)  \n| Abstract: Cancer remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, yet conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are often limited by invasiveness, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising cell-free nanotherapeutic platform. As endogenous nanocarriers, EVs enable precise, targeted delivery of diverse bioactive cargoes (eg, nucleic acids, chemotherapeutics, immunomodulators) to tumor tissues, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects, which is the key advantages for their application in tumor targeted therapy. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics of animal-derived and plant-derived EVs and highlights their translational applications in multiple cancers via immune activation, targeted delivery, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and anti-angiogenesis. We further introduce advanced bioengineering strategies for EV modification to optimize cargo loading, targeting specificity, and in vivo stability, particularly frontier innovations such as artificial intelligence-assisted design and microfluidic manufacturing that improve the precision, controllability, and scalability of engineered EVs. Compared to synthetic nanocarriers, EVs exhibit unique advantages, including excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and superior ability to cross biological barriers. However, the clinical application of EV-based therapies faces notable challenges, including EV heterogeneity, scalability of production, standardization of characterization methods, cargo loading efficiency, and long-term safety concerns. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of engineered EVs in advancing tumor targeted therapy and improving outcomes for patients with refractory or metastatic tumors.\u003Cbr>Keywords: extracellular vesicles, EVs, engineered EVs, tumor targeted therapy, tumor microenvironment, clinical translation |\n| --- |\n| Introduction\u003Cbr>Cancer incidence and mortality have surged globally in recent years, presenting a major obstacle to extending life expectancy. Notably, there is an increasing trend of cancer affecting younger populations.1,2 Consequently, cancer treatment has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Conventional therapeutic strategies, including surgical resection, chemother","cbCaidQ7dB3sN9V0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidQ7dB3sN9V0","pdf",4813244,23,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer burden and limitations of conventional therapies\n## Role of extracellular vesicles in tumor progression\n# Abstract and review scope\n## EV sources and translational applications\n## Bioengineering for EV modification\n## Clinical challenges and future directions","[{\"question\":\"Why are extracellular vesicles (EVs) considered promising for tumor targeted therapy?\",\"answer\":\"EVs act as endogenous nanocarriers that can deliver diverse bioactive cargoes more precisely to tumor tissues, potentially improving efficacy while reducing off-target effects.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review cover about EV sources and translational applications?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes characteristics of animal-derived and plant-derived EVs and discusses their applications across cancers, including immune activation, targeted delivery, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and anti-angiogenesis.\"},{\"question\":\"Which engineering strategies are highlighted for EV modification?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes bioengineering approaches to optimize cargo loading, targeting specificity, and in vivo stability, including innovations such as AI-assisted design and microfluidic manufacturing.\"}]","Engineering Extracellular Vesicles for Tumor Targeted Therapy - Source Optimization, Modification, and Clinical Application | PDF",1790101208,58]