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The session covers how multiview orthographic views preserve true geometric relationships using parallel projectors, including key projection properties such as principal planes and view selection to reduce hidden lines. It also explains sectioning concepts, cutting planes, and the objective of revealing internal features without unnecessary hidden detail. Additional topics include ribs, webs, assemblies, positioning and hatching conventions, broken-out and removed section views, assembly sections, and thread representation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/engineering-drawing-and-design-lecture-4-sectioning-and-orthographic-views/663082/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/engineering-drawing-and-design-lecture-4-sectioning-and-orthographic-views/663082.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are orthographic projections and what do they preserve?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Orthographic projections use parallel projections that preserve true relationships between features. Parallel lines are drawn parallel and the geometry is generally not distorted.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does sectioned drawing make a technical drawing easier to understand?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A sectioned drawing cuts the part using an imaginary cutting plane to reveal internal features. The objective is to improve clarity, especially for internal details.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What guidance is given for selecting orthographic views and hidden lines?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Choose only the views needed to represent the object and use the most descriptive view as the front view. Select views to minimize hidden lines, and in sectioned drawings there is generally no need to show hidden lines.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},663082,1793225006,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","| \u003Cbr>|\n| --- |\n| Engineering Drawing and Design-Lecture 4\u003Cbr>Orthographic Views & Sectioning\u003Cbr>Prof Ahmed Kovacevic\u003Cbr>School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Room C130, Phone: 8780, E-Mail: [a.kovacevic@city.ac.uk](a.kovacevic@city.ac.uk)\u003Cbr>[www.staff.city.ac.uk/~ra600/intro.htm](www.staff.city.ac.uk/~ra600/intro.htm)\u003Cbr>1 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |\n\n\n| | \u003Cbr>Design web\u003Cbr>Objectives for today |\n| --- | --- |\n| 􀀁 Prepare for DrE-3\u003Cbr>􀀁 Additional features in multiview drawings:» Cutting plane, Section, hatching, hidden feature\u003Cbr>􀀁 Section views and Section drawings » Ribs, webs, assemblies, threads\u003Cbr>2 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |\n\n\n|   Design web \u003Cbr>Orthographic Projections |\n| --- |\n| \u003Cbr>􀀁 Definition: Orthographic projections are parallel projections that\u003Cbr>􀀂Preserve true relationship between features\u003Cbr>􀀂Parallel lines are drawn parallel\u003Cbr>􀀂The geometry is generally not distorted\u003Cbr>􀀂Parallel projectors\u003Cbr>􀀂Light from a point source at an infinite distance\u003Cbr>􀀂View from a distance through a telescope\u003Cbr>3 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |\n\n\n| | \u003Cbr>Angle projections |\n| --- | --- |\n| 􀀂 Third Angle Projection\u003Cbr>􀀂Associated with English units\u003Cbr>􀀂If English units are used assume third angle projection unless otherwise specified\u003Cbr>􀀂 Include ANSI standard symbol\u003Cbr>First Angle Projection\u003Cbr>􀀂Associated with SI units\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>(International System of units)\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>5 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |\n\n\n|   Design web  \u003Cbr>Orthographic Projection Properties |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | 􀀂Projection planes\u003Cbr>􀀂Horizontal, frontal, and profile\u003Cbr>􀀂Each projection plane is perpendicular to adjacent projection planes\u003Cbr>􀀂Views\u003Cbr>􀀂 top, front, and right side\u003Cbr>􀀂Only use the views that are needed to represent the object\u003Cbr>􀀂The most descriptive view should be the front view\u003Cbr>􀀂Represented with dashed lines\u003Cbr>􀀂Views should be selected to minimize the use of hidden lines |\n| 4 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |\n\n|   Design web \u003Cbr>Sectioned Drawing\u003Cbr>|\n| --- |\n| 􀀁 Definition:\u003Cbr>» A multiview technical drawing that reveals details about internal features by displaying the part as if cut by an imaginary cutting plane\u003Cbr>􀀁 Objective:\u003Cbr>» To make the drawing more understandable, especially the internal details of the part\u003Cbr>􀀁 Principles:\u003Cbr>» Since the sectioned drawing shows internal features there is generally no need to show hidden lines\u003Cbr>» Helpful for both, detailed and assembly drawings\u003Cbr>7 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |\n\n\n|   Design web  \u003Cbr>How to reveal hidden feature |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | | |\n|  | Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |\n\n\n|   Design web \u003Cbr>Cutting plane\u003Cbr>|\n| --- |\n| \u003Cbr>9 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |\n\n|   Design web  \u003Cbr>Positioning\u003Cbr>|  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | Hatching of thin parts\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>|\n| 12 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |\n\n\n| | \u003Cbr>Design web\u003Cbr>Hatch features |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n| |  | |\n\n| | \u003Cbr>Design web\u003Cbr>Broken out section |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n| |  |\n| 15 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |\n\n|   Design web \u003Cbr>Multiple removed section views |\n| --- |\n| \u003Cbr>17 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |\n\n|   Design web \u003Cbr>Assembly section\u003Cbr>|\n| --- |\n| \u003Cbr>19 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |\n\n\n| | \u003Cbr>Design web\u003Cbr>Convention for webs |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n| \u003Cbr>20 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |\n\n\n|   Design web \u003Cbr>Alternate methods for webs |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| | |\n| 21 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |\n\n| | \u003Cbr>Threads |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n| \u003Cbr>23 Ahmed Kovacevic City University London |  |\n| , |  |\n\n|  Exercise DrE-3 | |\n| --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London |  |","cbCaipxGxdCGI98M","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipxGxdCGI98M","pdf",2576316,"English","# Design web - Objectives for today\n# Orthographic Projections\n## Definition: Orthographic projections\n# Angle projections\n# Orthographic Projection Properties\n# Sectioned Drawing\n## Definition and objective\n# How to reveal hidden feature\n# Cutting plane\n# Positioning\n# Hatch features\n# Broken out section\n# Multiple removed section views\n# Assembly section\n# Convention for webs\n# Alternate methods for webs\n# Threads\n# Exercise DrE-3","[{\"question\":\"What are orthographic projections and what do they preserve?\",\"answer\":\"Orthographic projections use parallel projections that preserve true relationships between features. Parallel lines are drawn parallel and the geometry is generally not distorted.\"},{\"question\":\"How does sectioned drawing make a technical drawing easier to understand?\",\"answer\":\"A sectioned drawing cuts the part using an imaginary cutting plane to reveal internal features. The objective is to improve clarity, especially for internal details.\"},{\"question\":\"What guidance is given for selecting orthographic views and hidden lines?\",\"answer\":\"Choose only the views needed to represent the object and use the most descriptive view as the front view. Select views to minimize hidden lines, and in sectioned drawings there is generally no need to show hidden lines.\"}]","Engineering Drawing and Design-Lecture 4 - Sectioning and Orthographic Views | PDF",13]