[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-596342-105":59,"doc-detail-596342-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","engaging-street-connected-children-in-learning-21st-century-skills-through-non-formal-education","Engaging Street-Connected Children in Learning 21st Century Skills through Non-Formal Education","","Pakistan faces a severe shortage of educational resources, leaving many school-age children out of school or dropping out, particularly those unable to access formal schooling. Non-Formal Education (NFE) serves as an alternative pathway, but enrollment alone is insufficient without modern survival-oriented skills. This qualitative case study examines Pehli Kiran Schools, focusing on curriculum relevance, quality provision, and the influence of administrators and teachers on learner motivation. It finds curriculum alignment with 21st-century skills despite limited resources and difficult learning conditions, recommending targeted supports such as student furniture and enrichment activities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/engaging-street-connected-children-in-learning-21st-century-skills-through-non-formal-education/596342/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/engaging-street-connected-children-in-learning-21st-century-skills-through-non-formal-education/596342.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alexandar","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is non-formal education considered necessary for Pakistan’s out-of-school children?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Pakistan’s formal education system cannot meet the needs of a growing population, and many children cannot attend school due to constraints such as insufficient resources. NFE provides an alternative approach aimed at improving literacy and skills.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the focus of the Pehli Kiran Schools initiative in this study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Pehli Kiran Schools aims to engage street-connected children in learning 21st-century skills through free non-formal education, emphasizing a whole-child approach and providing quality basic education and opportunities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What challenges did the study identify in delivering learning through Pehli Kiran Schools?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study found that NFE schools had fewer physical and human resources and that creating a conducive learning environment was difficult under harsh weather conditions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},596342,1792681529,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090768658,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Engaging Street-Connected Children in Learning 21st Century Skills through Non-Formal Education  \nSaima Jabeen* , Zafar Iqbal** andTooba Saleem***  \nAbstract  \nPakistan is a country with insufficient educational resources. The formal educational system is unable to cater to the educational needs of the growing population. A great number of school-going children were out-of-school or dropped out and the majority was those who could not attend formal schooling due to some issues. Non-Formal Education (NFE) is an alternative approach to cater to the needs of education. But only enrolling out-of-school children in schools is not enough for them. They also need to be equipped with the skills necessary to survive in the modern world. Pehli Kiran Schools initiative claims to engage street-connected children in learning 21st-century skills. The study aimed to explore the relevance of curriculum, provision of quality education, and the role of administration and teachers in keeping street-connected children motivated in the classrooms. It was qualitative research followed by a case study design. The research includes eight schools (all) involving their principals as a participant and their curriculum document employed at Pehli Kiran Schools. Framework for content analysis and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Thematic analysis and content analysis of different components of the curriculum of class five helped to draw conclusion. It was found these NFE schools had fewer physical and human resources. It was very difficult to create a conducive environment for learning in harsh weather conditions. But despite a lot of challenges, they were trying their level best to deliver a high-quality education within a limited budget and resources. For the development of 21st-century skills, the curriculum was found relevant. It was recommended that furniture should be available for students. Math clubs, spelling bees, and interschool competitions should be introduced to develop teamwork, collaboration, and critical thinking among street-connected children.  \nKeywords: Non-formal education, physical resources, street-connected children, twenty-firstcentury skills  \n* M.Phil Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Email: [saimayasir13@yahoo.com](saimayasir13@yahoo.com)  \n**Assistant Professor, Department of Distance, Non-Formal and Continuing Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Email: [zafar.iqbal@aiou.edu.pk](zafar.iqbal@aiou.edu.pk).  \n***Lecturer, Secondary Teacher Education Department, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Email: [tooba.saleem@aiou.edu.pk](tooba.saleem@aiou.edu.pk)  \nIntroduction  \nEducation facilitates a country's progress and prosperity. Every child has the right to get an education in Pakistan under Article 25-A, Constitution of Pakistan, 1973. Despite of this, Pakistan has the second-highest number of out-of-school children (OOSC) in the world, accounting for 44 percent of the entire population, estimated 22.8 million children aged 5 to 16, not attending school (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2019- 20) . The number of out-of-school children and those who dropped out before completing primary school or after it is alarming in the previous few years (Ghani, 2018) . Pakistanis a country with insufficient educational resources like infrastructure. The formal educational system is unable to cater to the educational needs of a growing population. Non-Formal Education (NFE) is an alternative approach to formal education. Shahid, Qureshi, and Saleem (2021) stated that programs to teach out-of-school children literacy, as well as information, skills, and values, are called non-formal education. NFE is required due to lack of financial resources, rapid growth in population and to make improvements in human development. Different organizations (governmental and nongovernmental) are working for the enrollment of out-of-school children. Unfortunately, most n","cbCaicmcyeptEmS1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicmcyeptEmS1","pdf",574639,26,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Education access and out-of-school children in Pakistan\n## Non-formal education as an alternative\n## Pehli Kiran Schools initiative\n## Street-connected children: definitions and context","[{\"question\":\"Why is non-formal education considered necessary for Pakistan’s out-of-school children?\",\"answer\":\"Pakistan’s formal education system cannot meet the needs of a growing population, and many children cannot attend school due to constraints such as insufficient resources. NFE provides an alternative approach aimed at improving literacy and skills.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the Pehli Kiran Schools initiative in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Pehli Kiran Schools aims to engage street-connected children in learning 21st-century skills through free non-formal education, emphasizing a whole-child approach and providing quality basic education and opportunities.\"},{\"question\":\"What challenges did the study identify in delivering learning through Pehli Kiran Schools?\",\"answer\":\"The study found that NFE schools had fewer physical and human resources and that creating a conducive learning environment was difficult under harsh weather conditions.\"}]","Engaging Street-Connected Children in Learning 21st Century Skills through Non-Formal Education | PDF",1792082900,66]