[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108627-en":3,"doc-seo-108627-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108627,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Energy Sector Decarbonization in Vietnam - Policy Note","Vietnam’s power sector achieved rapid electrification and strong demand growth, but progress has been supported by increasing reliance on coal-based generation. Electricity access rose from 14% in 1993 to about 99% in 2020, while demand growth (about 10% during 2010–2020) requires supply to expand at high rates. The note highlights sharp growth in GHG emissions, with the energy sector contributing most emissions, driven largely by coal, and outlines decarbonization options and a clean energy policy framework.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nEast Asia and Pacific Region Policy Note  \nEnergy Sector Decarbonization in Vietnam  \nEnergy and Extractives Infrastructure Practice Group  \nJune 2022  \nTable of Contents  \nSection I. Executive Summary and Key Messages .............................................................. 3  \nSection II. Country and Energy Sector Context..................................................................15  \nSection III. The Next Phase of Growth of the Energy Sector ............................................21  \nSection IV. Options for Decarbonization of the Energy Sector........................................27  \nSection V. Implications and Opportunities of Low Carbon Pathways ............................33  \nSection VI. Developing a Clean Energy Policy Framework for Vietnam ........................44  \nSection VII. World Bank Group Support for Clean Energy Transition ...........................50  \nAnnex 1: Detailed Modeling Results for Low Carbon Scenarios .....................................54  \nThis policy note was prepared with contributions of the following World Bank staff and consultants: Rahul Kitchlu (Team Leader), Sabine Cornieti, Claire Nicolas, Bipul Singh, Chiara Rogate, Joonkyung Seong, Thi Ba Chu, Hung Tan Tran, Anh Hoang Le, Stuart Thorncraft and the IES team. Team would like to thank Jie Tang and Ranjit Lamech for their guidance and support.  \n1. Vietnam has made remarkable economic progress over the past 30 years; however, growth was supported by increasing reliance on coal-based energy.  \nOver the past two decades, Vietnam witnessed one of the fastest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth rates (averaging 5.5 percent a year), yielding a three-and-a-half-fold increase in average income. The power sector was able to successfully expand its services to become a fundamental enabler of inclusive economic development. Vietnam’s electrification program has been a global success story for its ability to provide near universal electrification in record pace-electricity access rate increased from 14 percent in 1993 to about 99 percent in 2020. The sector was able to handle double-digit growth rates (demand grew by 10 percent between 2010-2020) which has powered industry and commerce as well asthe increasing energy needs of the growing middle-class population. The installed capacity of the power sector has increased over fourteen-fold in the past two decades, from 5 GW in 2000 to 68 GW in 2020. Under the leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT), national policies and targets were developed which focused on service delivery at the grassroot levels. The strong political commitment was executed by capable vertically integrated, state-owned enterprise (SOE), Vietnam Electricity (EVN) .  \nFigure 1: Vietnam’s electricity user access rate and consumption per capita has increased rapidly  \n\n| Households with access to electricity (percent) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 100\u003Cbr>80\u003Cbr>60\u003Cbr>40\u003Cbr>20\u003Cbr>0 |  |\n| 1990 2000 2010 2020 |  |\n\n\n| Electricity consumption per capita per month\u003Cbr>(kWh) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2000\u003Cbr>1500\u003Cbr>1000\u003Cbr>500\u003Cbr>0 |  |\n| 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 |  |\n\nSource: World Bank staff estimates  \nIn the coming years, electricity demand is expected to continue to grow rapidly at about 6-7 percent per year, driven by the rise in economic standards of the consumers (per capita electricity consumption is 2.3 MWh per year and is still low compared to advanced economies) and by the emergence of new demand segments such as digitalization and electric mobility. At this rate, the supply of electricity would need to double every 10 years to meet the demand. Demand is also impacted by inefficient electrical equipment, appliances, and industrial and commercial usage. Many of the large state-owned industrial enterprises (steel, cement, and sugar industries) continue to demonstrate poor energy efficiency benchmarks, while there are few polic","cbCaitydP7d9j523","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitydP7d9j523","pdf",3313553,5,1,60,"English","en",105,"# Section I. Executive Summary and Key Messages\n# Section II. Country and Energy Sector Context\n# Section III. The Next Phase of Growth of the Energy Sector\n# Section IV. Options for Decarbonization of the Energy Sector\n# Section V. Implications and Opportunities of Low Carbon Pathways\n# Section VI. Developing a Clean Energy Policy Framework for Vietnam\n# Section VII. World Bank Group Support for Clean Energy Transition\n# Annex 1: Detailed Modeling Results for Low Carbon Scenarios","[{\"question\":\"Why is decarbonization critical for Vietnam’s energy sector?\",\"answer\":\"The energy sector is the main driver of Vietnam’s greenhouse gas emissions, largely due to heavy reliance on coal-based power generation and rapidly growing electricity demand.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors are expected to drive electricity demand growth in Vietnam?\",\"answer\":\"Demand is projected to grow about 6–7% per year, driven by rising consumer standards and new demand segments such as digitalization and electric mobility, alongside inefficiencies in equipment and usage.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the policy note propose to develop Vietnam’s clean energy transition?\",\"answer\":\"It outlines options for decarbonization, discusses implications and opportunities of low-carbon pathways, and presents a clean energy policy framework to enable the transition, supported 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is decarbonization critical for Vietnam’s energy sector?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The energy sector is the main driver of Vietnam’s greenhouse gas emissions, largely due to heavy reliance on coal-based power generation and rapidly growing electricity demand.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What factors are expected to drive electricity demand growth in Vietnam?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Demand is projected to grow about 6–7% per year, driven by rising consumer standards and new demand segments such as digitalization and electric mobility, alongside inefficiencies in equipment and usage.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does the policy note propose to develop Vietnam’s clean energy transition?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It outlines options for decarbonization, discusses implications and opportunities of low-carbon pathways, and presents a clean energy policy framework to enable the transition, supported by World Bank Group 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