[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-381946-105":59,"doc-detail-381946-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","energy-expenditure-in-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers-a-scoping-review","Energy Expenditure in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers - a Scoping Review","","Malnutrition is common in people with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and is linked to shorter survival and poorer quality of life. Preventing and treating malnutrition requires nutrition interventions that provide energy matching daily metabolic demands. Existing estimates often rely on non–cancer-specific predictive equations, which are inaccurate in this population. This scoping review synthesizes evidence on energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and doubly labeled water across adult upper GI cancer patients.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/energy-expenditure-in-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers-a-scoping-review/381946/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/energy-expenditure-in-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers-a-scoping-review/381946.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Guten tag","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-28","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main problem addressed in this scoping review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Upper GI cancer patients commonly experience malnutrition, and accurate daily energy provision is difficult because predictive equations are not specific to cancer and can be inaccurate.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were energy expenditure studies identified and what measurement methods were used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Three databases were searched for studies measuring resting energy expenditure via indirect calorimetry and total energy expenditure via doubly labeled water (DLW) in adults with upper GI cancer.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the review find about the variation and comparability of energy expenditure results?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Studies showed heterogeneity in design and in reporting clinical characteristics, with substantial variation in energy expenditure both between studies and across cancer types.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},381946,1790579785,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},687212321768,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a0010bdbe886d2fe77?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1789897067658708522","Advances in Nutrition 14 (2023) 1307–1325  \nReview  \nEnergy Expenditure in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: a Scoping Review  \nLauren Hanna 1, 2, *, Judi Porter 1, 2, Judy Bauer 1, Kay Nguo 1  \n1 Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; 2 Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia  \n| A B S T R A C T |\n| --- |\n| Malnutrition is prevalent in people with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and is associated with shorter survival and poor quality of life. In order to effectively prevent or treat malnutrition, nutrition interventions must ensure appropriate energy provision to meet daily metabolic demands. In practice, the energy needs of people with cancer are frequently estimated from predictive equations which are not cancerspecific and are demonstrated to be inaccurate in this population. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the existing evidence regarding energy expenditure in people with upper GI cancer. Three databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase via Ovid, CINAHL plus) were systematically searched to identify studies reporting on resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry and total energy expenditure using doubly labeled water (DLW) in adults with any stage of upper GI cancer at any point from diagnosis. A total of 57 original research studies involving 2,125 individuals with cancer of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, or liver were eligible for inclusion. All studies used indirect calorimetry, and one study used DLW to measure energy expenditure, which was reported unadjusted in 42 studies, adjusted for body weight in 32 studies, and adjusted for fat-free mass in 13 studies. Energy expenditure in upper GI cancer was compared with noncancer controls in 19 studies and measured compared with predicted energy expenditure reported in 31 studies. There was heterogeneity in study design and in reporting of important clinical characteristics between studies. There was also substantial variation in energy expenditure between studies and within and between cancer types. Given this heterogeneity and known inaccuracies of predictive equations in patients with cancer, energy expenditure should be measured in practice wherever feasible. Additional research in cohorts defined by cancer type, stage, and treatment is needed to further characterize energy expenditure in upper GI cancer.\u003Cbr>Keywords: cancer, upper gastrointestinal cancer, energy expenditure, indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, scoping review, oncology, malnutrition |\n\nStatement of Significance  \nThe present scoping review comprehensively and systematically synthesizes a large body of evidence to refine our understanding of energy expenditure in upper gastrointestinal cancer. This review provides a foundation for future work to improve accuracy in the prediction of daily energy requirements, which is vital for the development of effective nutrition interventions in research and clinical practice for this nutritionally vulnerable population.  \nIntroduction  \nCancers ofthe upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract are among the leading causes of cancer death globally, with the number of  \ndeaths worldwide in 2020 exceeding 544,000 for esophageal cancer, 768,000 for gastric cancer, 830,000 for liver cancer, and 466,000 for pancreatic cancer [1]. The low survival rates for upper GI cancers can largely be attributed to it’s often times  \nAbbreviations: DLW, doubly labeled water; EE, energy expenditure; FFM, fat-free mass; GI, gastrointestinal; REE, resting energy expenditure; TEE, total energy expenditure.  \n* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [lauren.hanna@monash.edu](lauren.hanna@monash.edu) (L. Hanna).  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.002)  \nReceived 17 April 2023; Received in revised form 18 July 2023; Accepted 4 August 2023; Available onlin","cbCaiftcLGZj6SAG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiftcLGZj6SAG","pdf",996204,"English","# Abstract\n# Statement of Significance\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main problem addressed in this scoping review?\",\"answer\":\"Upper GI cancer patients commonly experience malnutrition, and accurate daily energy provision is difficult because predictive equations are not specific to cancer and can be inaccurate.\"},{\"question\":\"How were energy expenditure studies identified and what measurement methods were used?\",\"answer\":\"Three databases were searched for studies measuring resting energy expenditure via indirect calorimetry and total energy expenditure via doubly labeled water (DLW) in adults with upper GI cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the review find about the variation and comparability of energy expenditure results?\",\"answer\":\"Studies showed heterogeneity in design and in reporting clinical characteristics, with substantial variation in energy expenditure both between studies and across cancer types.\"}]","Energy Expenditure in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers - a Scoping Review | PDF",1790247923,48]