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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided approaches have become central for differential diagnosis and lesion characterization, spanning pancreatic cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and metastases. The review synthesizes updated evidence on endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional therapies, including thermal ablative methods and non-thermal injection techniques, assessing efficacy and safety across clinical applications.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/endoscopic-ultrasound-guided-locoregional-treatments-for-solid-pancreatic-neoplasms-review/380514/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/endoscopic-ultrasound-guided-locoregional-treatments-for-solid-pancreatic-neoplasms-review/380514.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What procedures are covered in endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatments for solid pancreatic neoplasms?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review focuses on locoregional ablative therapies under EUS guidance, grouped into thermal ablative techniques and non-thermal injection techniques.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which thermal ablative techniques are most common according to the review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Common thermal ablative methods include radiofrequency, microwave, laser, photodynamic therapy, and hybrid approaches such as hybrid cryothermal ablation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are non-thermal injection techniques described in the review?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review lists ethanol injection, immunotherapy, and brachytherapy as representative non-thermal injection techniques.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},380514,1790791029,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","cancers   \nReview  \nEndoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Locoregional Treatments for Solid Pancreatic Neoplasms  \nLuca Di Gialleonardo 1, Giulia Tripodi 2, Gianenrico Rizzatti 2, Maria Elena Ainora 1, Cristiano Spada 2, Alberto Larghi 2, Antonio Gasbarrini 1 and Maria Assunta Zocco 1, *  \nCitation: Di Gialleonardo, L.; Tripodi, G.; Rizzatti, G.; Ainora, M.E.; Spada, C.; Larghi, A.; Gasbarrini, A.; Zocco, M.A. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Locoregional Treatments for Solid Pancreatic Neoplasms. Cancers 2023, 15, 4718. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cancers15194718  \nAcademic Editor: Louis Buscail  \nReceived: 27 August 2023  \nRevised: 23 September 2023  \nAccepted: 24 September 2023  \nPublished: 25 September 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A.  \nGemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; [lucadigialleonardo9292@gmail.com](lucadigialleonardo9292@gmail.com) (L.D.G.);  \n[ainoramariaelena@gmail.com](ainoramariaelena@gmail.com) (M.E.A.); [antonio.gasbarrini@unicatt.it](antonio.gasbarrini@unicatt.it) (A.G.)  \n2 Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; [giulia.tripodi91@gmail.com](giulia.tripodi91@gmail.com) (G.T.); [gianenrico.rizzatti@gmail.com](gianenrico.rizzatti@gmail.com) (G.R.); [cristiano.spada@policlinicogemelli.it](cristiano.spada@policlinicogemelli.it) (C.S.); [alberto.larghi@policlinicogemelli.it](alberto.larghi@policlinicogemelli.it) (A.L.)  \n* [Correspondence: mariaassunta.zocco@unicatt.it](Correspondence: mariaassunta.zocco@unicatt.it); Tel.: +39-06-3015-6018; Fax: +39-06-3015-7232  \nSimple Summary: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatments actually represent a leading role in the majority of solid pancreatic neoplasms, with the aim to combine with optimal management of clinical symptoms for a better quality of life. Recently, several endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatment techniques for solid pancreatic neoplasms (especially thermal ablative techniques and non-thermal injection techniques) have been developed. The focus of this review is to update evidence about the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatments in solid pancreatic neoplasms.  \nAbstract: Solid pancreatic neoplasms are one of the most diagnosed gastrointestinal malignancies thanks to the current and progressive advances in radiologic methods. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided techniques have over time gained a prominent role in the differential diagnosis and characterization of these pancreatic lesions, including pancreatic cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, and metastases. Recently, several endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatment techniques, which are divided into thermal ablative techniques and non-thermal injection techniques, have been developed and applied in different settings for the treatment of solid pancreatic neoplasms. The most common ablative techniques are radiofrequency, microwave, laser, photodynamic therapy and hybrid techniques such as hybrid cryothermal ablation. The most common injection techniques are ethanol injection, immunotherapy and brachytherapy. In this review, we update evidence about the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatments for solid pancreatic neoplasms.  \nKeywords: solid pancreatic neoplasms; endoscopic ultrasound-guided local treatment; thermal ablative techniques; non-thermal injection techniques  \n1. Introduction  \nIn recent years, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) has rapidly shifted from a purely diagno","cbCaif9bXb0EttSc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif9bXb0EttSc","pdf",318922,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Thermal Ablative Procedures\n## Non-thermal Injection Techniques","[{\"question\":\"What procedures are covered in endoscopic ultrasound-guided locoregional treatments for solid pancreatic neoplasms?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on locoregional ablative therapies under EUS guidance, grouped into thermal ablative techniques and non-thermal injection techniques.\"},{\"question\":\"Which thermal ablative techniques are most common according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"Common thermal ablative methods include radiofrequency, microwave, laser, photodynamic therapy, and hybrid approaches such as hybrid cryothermal ablation.\"},{\"question\":\"How are non-thermal injection techniques described in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review lists ethanol injection, immunotherapy, and brachytherapy as representative non-thermal injection techniques.\"}]","Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Locoregional Treatments for Solid Pancreatic Neoplasms - Review | PDF",1790240503,45]