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Content explains ER definition, historical observation, occurrence in eukaryotic cells, and the major morphological components: cisternae, vesicles, and tubules. It compares rough ER and smooth ER based on ribosome presence, then details key ER functions including compartmentalization, protein and lipid synthesis, glycogenesis support, cholesterol and steroid hormone synthesis, detoxification, and roles in nuclear membrane formation, intracellular transport, and calcium release in muscle contraction.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/endoplasmic-reticulum-er-structure-and-function-daya-zoo-er-module/663841/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/endoplasmic-reticulum-er-structure-and-function-daya-zoo-er-module/663841.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Logic","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and where is it found in cells?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"ER is a membrane-bound network of inter-connecting vacuoles and cavities in the cytoplasm. It occurs in all eukaryotic cells except mammalian R.B.C.s and is absent in prokaryotes.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How do rough ER and smooth ER differ?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Rough ER has ribosomes present in large numbers on the ER wall, giving a granular appearance and supporting protein synthesis. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on the outer surface and is associated with steroid compound synthesis.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What are the main functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"ER provides mechanical support and compartmentalization, supports protein synthesis and transport, participates in lipid and glycogen synthesis and storage, synthesizes cholesterol and steroid hormone precursors, helps detoxification, and contributes to nuclear membrane formation, intracellular exchange, and calcium handling in muscle contraction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},663841,1793232813,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},1099513958762,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253","| SUBJECT | ZOOLOGY |\n| --- | --- |\n| PaperNo. And Title | V Cell Biology |\n| Module No. and Title | Ultrastructure of Animal cellEndoplasmic reticulum |\n| Module tag | DAYA-ZOO-ER |\n\nEndoplasmic reticulum-Structure & Function  \nDr.L.C.Mushan  \nAssistant Professor  \nD. B. F. Dayanand College of Arts and Science, Solapur.  \nLearning Outcomes  \nThe course provides a detailed insight into basic concepts of cellular structure and function.  \nUnderstand the structure and function of ER  \nDevelop an understanding how protein synthesis occurs.  \nTable of contents  \n\n| S.No. | Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Introduction |\n| 2 | Structure of ER |\n| 3 | RER and SER |\n| 4 | Functions of ER |\n\nEndoplasmic Reticulum  \nIntroduction:  \n• The cytoplasmic matrix contains a complex network of inter-connecting, membrane bound vacuoles and cavities called as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) .  \n• The name Endoplasmic reticulum is derived from the fact that it looks like a “net in the cytoplasm”. The endoplasmic reticulum was firstly observed in 1945 by Porter, Claude and Fullum .  \n• It occurs in all eukaryotic cells except R.B.Cs. of mammals. Absent in Prokaryotes.  \n• Morphologically the ER is composed of three types of structures, namely Cisternae, Vesicles and tubules.  \n1  \n1. Cisternae:  \n• Cisternae or lamellae are long flattened and usually unbranched tubules.  \n• They are arranged in parallel to each other in bundles.  \n• The thickness of cisternae varies from 40-50 µm.  \n• The outer surface of the cisternae has ribosomes.  \n2. Vesicles:  \n• Vesicles are rounded or oval or irregular sacs observed by Weiss in 1953.  \n• They have diameter of about 25 o 500 µm.  \n• They are present in all cells but abundantly found in the cell engaged in the protein synthesis, e.g. Hepatic and Pancreatic cells.  \n• They form a kind of network near the periphery of the cell.  \n3. Tubules:  \n• Tubules are small, smooth-walled, branched tubular spaces.  \n• They have diameter of about 50 to 190 µm. They are found in the cell which are busy in the synthesis of steroids like cholesterol, glycerides and hormones  \n2  \nStructure of ER  \n• Cisternae, vesicles and tubules are bounded by thin membrane.  \n• The membrane of ER is formed by three layers as found in Plasm membrane.  \n• The ER membrane is continuous with the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope and membrane of Golgi complex.  \n• The cavity of ER is well defined and it acts as a passage for secretory products.  \nOn the basis of presence and absence of ribosomes, the ER is divided into two types namely, Smooth ER and Rough ER.  \ni) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:  \n• When the ribosomes are present in large number on the wall ofthe ER then it is called as rough ER.  \n• The ribosomes are always present on the outer surface of ER which gives a granular appearance. Therefore, also called as granular ER.  \nThe ribosomes are involved in the protein synthesis.  \n3  \nii) Smooth ER:  \n• The ribosomes are absent on the outer surface of ER hence called as smooth ER or agranular ER.  \n• Smooth ER is found in the cell involved in the synthesis of steroid compounds.  \n• They are also present in the pigmented epithelial cells of retina and glycogen storing cell of the liver.  \n4  \nFunctions of the Endoplasmic Reticulum  \n• Mechanical support: The ER forms the skeletal framework in the cytoplasm and divides the fluid content of the cells into compartments. Thus it provides the additional mechanical support.  \n• Protein synthesis: Rough ER plays a important role in protein synthesis because the ribosomes are attached to the outer surface. ER helps in the transport of proteins to the outside of the cells.  \n• Lipid synthesis and storage: The triglyceride synthesis occur in smooth ER while protein and phospholipids are synthesized in rough ER. Thus ER does the function of intracellular transport and storage of lipids.  \n• Glycogen synthesis and storage: The smooth ER plays a role in synthesis of glycogen (Glycogenesis) wi","cbCaisUSYRtz6zxk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisUSYRtz6zxk","pdf",1231817,"English","# Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)\n## Introduction\n## Structure of ER\n## RER and SER\n## Functions of ER","[{\"question\":\"What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and where is it found in cells?\",\"answer\":\"ER is a membrane-bound network of inter-connecting vacuoles and cavities in the cytoplasm. It occurs in all eukaryotic cells except mammalian R.B.C.s and is absent in prokaryotes.\"},{\"question\":\"How do rough ER and smooth ER differ?\",\"answer\":\"Rough ER has ribosomes present in large numbers on the ER wall, giving a granular appearance and supporting protein synthesis. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on the outer surface and is associated with steroid compound synthesis.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?\",\"answer\":\"ER provides mechanical support and compartmentalization, supports protein synthesis and transport, participates in lipid and glycogen synthesis and storage, synthesizes cholesterol and steroid hormone precursors, helps detoxification, and contributes to nuclear membrane formation, intracellular exchange, and calcium handling in muscle contraction.\"}]","Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Structure and Function - DayA-ZOO-ER Module | PDF",25]