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Ovarian cancer remains rare, but women with endometriosis show higher incidence, especially endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. Hormonal imbalance, reproductive factors, environmental exposures, and genetic predisposition can drive malignant transformation. This review compiles molecular findings and highlights pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, DNA repair, oxidative stress, and inflammation while stressing the need for further research and targeted therapeutic strategies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/endometriosis-associated-ovarian-cancer-from-molecular-pathologies-to-clinical-relevance/330500/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/endometriosis-associated-ovarian-cancer-from-molecular-pathologies-to-clinical-relevance/330500.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) and why is it linked to endometriosis?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"EAOC refers to ovarian cancer that occurs in the context of endometriosis. 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Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer: From Molecular Pathologiesto Clinical Relevance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4306. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms25084306](10.3390/ijms25084306)  \nAcademic Editor: Giovanni Tossetta  \nReceived: 25 March 2024  \nRevised: 8 April 2024  \nAccepted: 11 April 2024  \nPublished: 13 April 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany  \n2 Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany  \n* Correspondence: [ludwig.kiesel@ukmuenster.de](ludwig.kiesel@ukmuenster.de)  \nAbstract: Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting reproductive-aged women, characterized by the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue. Despite being benign, endometriosis is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) . Ovarian cancer is rare, but more common in women with endometriosis, particularly endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. Factors such as hormonal imbalance, reproductive history, environmental exposures, and genetic predisposition contribute to the malignant transformation of endometriosis. Thus, understanding potential risk factors causing malignancy is crucial. Over the past few decades, various genetic mutations, microRNAs, as well as tumor microenvironmental factors have been identified, impacting pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR, DNA repair mechanisms, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Thus, this review aims to summarize molecular studies involved in EAOC pathogenesis as potential therapeutic targets. However, further research is needed to better understand the molecular and environmental factors driving EAOC development, to target the susceptibility of endometriotic lesions to malignant progression, and to identify effective therapeutic strategies.  \nKeywords: endometriosis; ovarian cancer; EAOC  \n1. Introduction  \nEndometriosis is a common, benign chronic disease in women of reproductive age, where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterine cavity in the entire abdominal and pelvic cavity. Since this ectopic tissue underlies the hormonal cycle with estrogen-induced proliferation, symptoms are associated with the menstrual cycle (dysmenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, menorrhagia) but also depend upon the localization (dysuria, dyspareunia, dyschezia) . In addition to chronic pain, endometriosis is associated with infertility and an elevated risk for certain cancers including endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) [1,2] .  \n1.1. Diagnosis  \nGenerally, endometriosis is diagnosed based on typical signs and symptoms according to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology ([https://www.eshre.eu](https://www.eshre.eu), accessed on 8 April 2024) [3], the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ([https://www.acog.org](https://www.acog.org), accessed on 8 April 2024), or the Asian Society of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis ([http://endometriosis-adenomyosis.asia](http://endometriosis-adenomyosis.asia), accessed on 8 April 2024).  \nDiagnostic measures include a clinical examination and imaging (ultrasound or magnet resonance imaging) but can be extended with a diagnostic laparoscopy to confirm the histology [3] . Diagnosing endometri","cbCaimZMHzHMXKz3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimZMHzHMXKz3","pdf",1774401,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Diagnosis\n## Risk Factors","[{\"question\":\"What is endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) and why is it linked to endometriosis?\",\"answer\":\"EAOC refers to ovarian cancer that occurs in the context of endometriosis. Although endometriosis is benign, ectopic endometrial tissue is linked to an increased risk of certain cancers, including EAOC.\"},{\"question\":\"How is endometriosis typically diagnosed according to the document?\",\"answer\":\"Diagnosis is based on typical signs and symptoms, supported by clinical examination and imaging such as ultrasound or MRI. Diagnostic laparoscopy may be used to confirm histology.\"},{\"question\":\"Which kinds of factors and molecular mechanisms contribute to EAOC development?\",\"answer\":\"The document links malignant transformation to hormonal imbalance, reproductive history, environmental exposures, and genetic predisposition. It also summarizes molecular studies involving mutations, microRNAs, and tumor microenvironment factors affecting pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR, DNA repair, oxidative stress, and inflammation.\"}]","Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer - From Molecular Pathologies to Clinical Relevance | PDF",1789989178,48]