[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-417416-105":59,"doc-detail-417416-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","endocrine-disruptors-obesity-and-metabolic-syndrome-review-article","Endocrine disruptors, obesity, and metabolic syndrome - Review Article","","The global burden of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) continues to rise, and accumulating evidence links environmental chemical exposures—especially endocrine disruptors (EDs)—to this trend. EDs are described as obesogens that promote weight gain and metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, alongside effects on basal metabolic rate, gut microbiota composition, and appetite regulation. The review highlights mechanisms such as PPAR-γ signaling in adipose tissue, common exposure sources, multiple routes of human uptake, and the need for stricter mitigation strategies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/endocrine-disruptors-obesity-and-metabolic-syndrome-review-article/417416/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/endocrine-disruptors-obesity-and-metabolic-syndrome-review-article/417416.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dabgoudw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the proposed role of endocrine disruptors in obesity and metabolic syndrome?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Endocrine disruptors can act as obesogens, increasing the risk of weight gain and metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do endocrine disruptors influence metabolic regulation according to the review?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"They may alter basal metabolic rate, gut microbiota composition, and hormonal control of appetite and satiety, with effects reported to involve the PPAR-γ pathway.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What are common consumer or environmental sources of endocrine disruptors mentioned in the text?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Plastic bottles, metal food cans, detergents, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides are noted as sources, with exposure occurring through transplacental transfer, breast milk, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},417416,1790718475,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},3985747860484,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences  \n\n| Volume 55\u003Cbr>Number 7 SI-1 | Article 3 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 12-17-2025\u003Cbr>Endocrine disruptors, obesity, and metabolic syndrome TUĞBA BARLAS\u003Cbr>ALEV EROĞLU ALTINOVA MERIÇ COŞKUNETHEM TURGAY CERİT\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical](https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical)\u003Cbr> Part of the Medical Sciences Commons |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nBARLAS, T, EROĞLU ALTINOVA, A, COŞKUN, M, & CERİT, E. T (2025) . Endocrine disruptors, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 55 (7): 1602-1612 . [https://doi.org/10.55730/](https://doi.org/10.55730/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.55730/)1300-0144.6120  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nThis Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. It has been accepted for inclusion in Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences by an authorized editor of TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. For more information, please contact [academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr](academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr)  \n\n| \u003Cbr>| Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences [http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/](http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/)\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Review Article | Turk J Med Sci\u003Cbr>(2025) 55: 1602-1612 © TÜBİTAK\u003Cbr>doi:10.55730/1300-0144.6120 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nEndocrine disruptors, obesity, and metabolic syndrome  \nTuğba BARLAS*􀁋, Alev EROĞLU ALTINOVA􀁋, Meriç COŞKUN􀁋, Ethem Turgay CERİT􀁋 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye  \nReceived: 30.12.2024  Accepted/Published Online: 26.10.2025  Final Version: 17.12.2025  \nAbstract: The global prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rising worldwide, and increasing evidence suggests that chemical exposures—particularly endocrine disruptors (EDs)—represent a significant contributing factor. EDs can act as obesogens, increasing the risk of weight gain and related metabolic conditions, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. They may also alter the basal metabolic rate, gut microbiota composition, and hormonal regulation of appetite and satiety. EDs are reported to exert their effects mainly through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway, which is primarily expressed in adipose tissue and is a key regulator of adipogenesis. Common consumer products such as plastic bottles, metal food cans, detergents, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides frequently contain EDs. Humans can be exposed to these chemicals via multiple routes, including transplacental transfer, breast milk, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Bisphenols, tributyltin, phthalates, per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals are among the known EDs that have been associated with obesity and MetS. The need for further investigation and stricter regulations to mitigate the public health consequences of environmental exposure to EDs is consistently emphasized in recent literature. Understanding the mechanisms by which EDs affect various hormones and systems is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. In this review, we discuss the relationship between obesity, MetS, and EDs, along with exposure pathways and preventive strategies.  \nKey words: Bisphenols, phthalates, tributyltin, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, obesity  \n1. Introduction  \nThe global prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly. Over 600 million individuals, including approximately 40 million children under the age of 5, currently suffer from obesity. Furthermore, studies indicate that approximately 80% of children with obesity remain affected into adulthood [1] . Numerous studies have demonstrated that obesity adversely impacts both life expectancy and quality of life [2] . Although lifestyle factors such as diet a","cbCaibkLPTsuHkJx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibkLPTsuHkJx","pdf",351582,12,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and methods","[{\"question\":\"What is the proposed role of endocrine disruptors in obesity and metabolic syndrome?\",\"answer\":\"Endocrine disruptors can act as obesogens, increasing the risk of weight gain and metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.\"},{\"question\":\"How do endocrine disruptors influence metabolic regulation according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"They may alter basal metabolic rate, gut microbiota composition, and hormonal control of appetite and satiety, with effects reported to involve the PPAR-γ pathway.\"},{\"question\":\"What are common consumer or environmental sources of endocrine disruptors mentioned in the text?\",\"answer\":\"Plastic bottles, metal food cans, detergents, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides are noted as sources, with exposure occurring through transplacental transfer, breast milk, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption.\"}]","Endocrine disruptors, obesity, and metabolic syndrome - Review Article | PDF",1790609114]