[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-417420-105":59,"doc-detail-417420-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","endocrine-disruptors-insulin-resistance-and-diabetes","Endocrine disruptors, insulin resistance, and diabetes","","Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with hormone synthesis, secretion, metabolism, or excretion. Increased exposure is linked to insulin resistance and, notably, type 2 diabetes worldwide, indicating a diabetogenic effect that can occur independently of obesity. The review discusses key mechanisms including hormone mimicry and antagonism, altered hormone metabolism, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and evaluates epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting these associations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/endocrine-disruptors-insulin-resistance-and-diabetes/417420/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/endocrine-disruptors-insulin-resistance-and-diabetes/417420.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dabgoudw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and how do they affect hormones?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"EDCs interfere with hormone synthesis, secretion, metabolism, or excretion. They can disrupt normal hormone signaling and metabolic regulation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are EDCs associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Evidence indicates that higher exposure to EDCs is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes globally. The review highlights diabetogenic effects that can be independent of obesity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which mechanisms explain how EDCs may promote IR and T2D?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review summarizes mechanisms such as hormone mimicry and antagonism, altered hormone metabolism, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in GLUT-related transport, and disruption of receptor expression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},417420,1790965174,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},3985747860484,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences  \n\n| Volume 55\u003Cbr>Number 7 SI-1 | Article 2 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 12-17-2025\u003Cbr>Endocrine disruptors, insulin resistance, and diabetes MERİÇ COŞKUN\u003Cbr>ETHEM TURGAY CERİT\u003Cbr>TUĞBA BARLAS\u003Cbr>ALEV EROĞLU ALTINOVA\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical](https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical)\u003Cbr> Part of the Medical Sciences Commons |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nCOŞKUN, M, CERİT, E. T, BARLAS, T, & ALTINOVA, A. E (2025) . Endocrine disruptors, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 55 (7): 1595-1601 . [https://doi.org/10.55730/](https://doi.org/10.55730/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.55730/)1300-0144.6119  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nThis Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. It has been accepted for inclusion in Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences by an authorized editor of TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. For more information, please contact [academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr](academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr)  \n\n| | Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences [http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/](http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/)\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Review Article |  | Turk J Med Sci\u003Cbr>(2025) 55: 1595-1601 © TÜBİTAK\u003Cbr>doi:10.55730/1300-0144.6119 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Endocrine disruptors, insulin resistance, and diabetes\u003Cbr>Meriç COŞKUN*􀁋, Ethem Turgay CERİT􀁋, Tuğba BARLAS􀁋, Alev EROĞLU ALTINOVA􀁋 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye |  |  |  |\n| Received: 01.02.2025  Accepted/Published Online: 26.10.2025  Final Version: 17.12.2025 |  |  |  |\n| Abstract: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with hormone synthesis, secretion, metabolism, or excretion. Evidence indicates that increased exposure to EDCs is associated with insulin resistance and, most notably, type 2 diabetes worldwide. This suggests a diabetogenic effect that is independent of obesity, underscoring the complex mechanisms and broad impact of EDCs on metabolic health. Key pathways include hormone mimicry and antagonism, altered hormone metabolism, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review summarises the mechanisms through which EDCs contribute to these conditions and evaluates the epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting these associations.\u003Cbr>Key words: Endocrine disruptors, insulin resistance, diabetes, T2D |  |  |  |\n| 1. Introduction\u003Cbr>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that interfere with hormone synthesis, secretion, metabolism, or excretion. They include synthetic compounds, industrial solvents, lubricants, dioxins, plasticisers, phthalates, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals [1] . EDCs are designed to have long half-lives, making them resistant to breakdown or metabolism. Consequently, they can persist for many years in soil, water, and animals and plants within the food chain, as well as in human tissues and secretions [2] . The uncertainty in the latency between exposure and clinical effects, the likelihood of simultaneous exposure to multiple EDCs, the absence of well-defined dose–response relationships, and potential epigenetic influences all contribute to the challenges of predicting their harmful effects.\u003Cbr>The diabetogenic hypothesis suggests that EDCs are potential risk factors for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D), independent of obesity [1,3] . The associations between EDCs, insulin resistance (IR), T2D, and adverse metabolic outcomes appear to be dosedependent. Moreover, although less common than in T2D, EDCs may also contribute to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by inducing beta-cell damage [4] . This review summarisesthe mechanisms through which EDCs promote these conditions and evaluates the epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting these associations. | ","cbCaicvDAx9R6x0W","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicvDAx9R6x0W","pdf",422954,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Mechanisms by which EDCs contribute to IR and T2D development\n## 2.1. Hormone mimicry and antagonism\n## 2.2. Alteration of hormone metabolism\n## 2.3. Change of glucose transporter (GLUT) expression\n## 2.4. Disruption of receptor expression\n## 2.5. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system","[{\"question\":\"What are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and how do they affect hormones?\",\"answer\":\"EDCs interfere with hormone synthesis, secretion, metabolism, or excretion. They can disrupt normal hormone signaling and metabolic regulation.\"},{\"question\":\"How are EDCs associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?\",\"answer\":\"Evidence indicates that higher exposure to EDCs is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes globally. The review highlights diabetogenic effects that can be independent of obesity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which mechanisms explain how EDCs may promote IR and T2D?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes mechanisms such as hormone mimicry and antagonism, altered hormone metabolism, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in GLUT-related transport, and disruption of receptor expression.\"}]","Endocrine disruptors, insulin resistance, and diabetes | PDF",1790609119]