[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-417409-105":59,"doc-detail-417409-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","endocrine-disruptors-and-pregnancy-review-article","ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS AND PREGNANCY - Review Article","","Sensitivity to endocrine disruptors is higher in early life, and exposure during pregnancy can be transferred from pregnant women to offspring through the placenta or during lactation via breast milk. This review summarizes evidence from experimental and observational studies on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), covering exposure routes, reproductive outcomes, fetal development, and preventive strategies. Findings link prenatal EDC exposure with infertility-related impacts, implantation defects, adverse pregnancy outcomes, metabolic and congenital consequences, and delayed physical and mental development.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/endocrine-disruptors-and-pregnancy-review-article/417409/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/endocrine-disruptors-and-pregnancy-review-article/417409.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How can endocrine disruptors affect pregnancy and the fetus?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Endocrine disruptor chemicals can accumulate in the body fat of pregnant women, cross the placenta, and affect fetal development. During lactation, some chemicals may pass through breast milk to the infant, contributing to adverse outcomes.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What maternal and reproductive complications have been linked to EDC exposure during pregnancy?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Exposure during pregnancy has been associated with infertility, implantation defects, premature birth, spontaneous abortions, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What long-term risks may arise for offspring after intrauterine exposure to EDCs?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Intrauterine exposure may contribute to metabolic disorders, congenital anomalies, low birth weight, and delayed physical and mental development in offspring depending on exposure level and timing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},417409,1791013286,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences  \n\n| Volume 55\u003Cbr>Number 7 SI-1 | Article 6 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 12-17-2025\u003Cbr>ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS AND PREGNANCY\u003Cbr>BETÜL YİĞİT YALÇINGAMZE BİLİK OYMAN AYŞE KUBAT ÜZÜM\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical](https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical)\u003Cbr> Part of the Medical Sciences Commons |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nYİĞİT YALÇIN, B, BİLİK OYMAN, G, & KUBAT ÜZÜM, A (2025) . ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS AND PREGNANCY. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 55 (7): 1625-1634 . [https://doi.org/10.55730/](https://doi.org/10.55730/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.55730/)1300-0144.6123  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nThis Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. It has been accepted for inclusion in Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences by an authorized editor of TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. For more information, please contact [academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr](academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr)  \n\n| \u003Cbr>| Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences [http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/](http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/)\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Review Article | Turk J Med Sci\u003Cbr>(2025) 55: 1625-1634 © TÜBİTAK\u003Cbr>doi:10.55730/1300-0144.6123 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nEndocrine disruptors and pregnancy  \nBetülYİĞİT YALÇIN*􀁋, Gamze BİLİK OYMAN􀁋, Ayşe KUBAT ÜZÜM􀁋 Department of Endocrinology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkiye  \nReceived: 14.03.2025  Accepted/Published Online: 26.11.2025  Final Version: 17.12.2025  \nBackground/aim: Sensitivity to endocrine disruptors is higher in early life. Endocrine disruptor chemicals can be passed from pregnant women to their babies through the placenta or breast milk during lactation, leading to long-term and potentially permanent adverse effects.  \nMaterials and methods: This review evaluates the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on pregnancy by summarizing findings from experimental and observational studies. Exposure routes, reproductive outcomes, fetal development implications, and potential preventive strategies are analyzed.  \nResults: Exposure to EDCs during pregnancy has been linked to various complications, including infertility, implantation defects, premature birth, spontaneous abortions, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes. Intrauterine exposure to these chemicals may lead to metabolic disorders, congenital anomalies, low birth weight, and delayed physical and mental development in offspring depending on the level and timing of exposure.  \nConclusion: Due to the significant impact of endocrine disruptors on maternal and fetal health, it is critical to implement protective measures to reduce exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Increased awareness and preventive strategies can help mitigate adverse effects.  \nKey words: Endocrine disruptors, pregnancy, fetus, lactation  \n1. Introduction  \nEndocrine disruptors are substances that have adverse effects on the endocrine system by altering the synthesis, release, transport, metabolism, binding, and excretion of hormones. The effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can be seen in healthy organisms but can also have negative consequences in subsequent generations. The age at which an individual is exposed to EDCs is important, and the effects of exposure in the intrauterine period, childhood, or adulthood vary. The developing organism is more sensitive to EDCs, and exposure to EDCs early in life can cause irreversible effects. Some endocrine disruptorscan accumulate in body fat in pregnant women, cross the placenta, and affect the fetus. Some endocrine disruptors may pass from breast milk to the infant and cause adverse effects [1] . However, observational and experimental studies show that exposure to EDCs negatively affects fertility by interfering with processes such asfolliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, implanta","cbCaipU7IcE086px","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipU7IcE086px","pdf",441881,11,"English","# Endocrine disruptors and pregnancy\n## 1. Introduction\n## 2. Adverse effects of frequently encountered EDCs on mother and fetus\n### 2.1. Bisphenol","[{\"question\":\"How can endocrine disruptors affect pregnancy and the fetus?\",\"answer\":\"Endocrine disruptor chemicals can accumulate in the body fat of pregnant women, cross the placenta, and affect fetal development. During lactation, some chemicals may pass through breast milk to the infant, contributing to adverse outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What maternal and reproductive complications have been linked to EDC exposure during pregnancy?\",\"answer\":\"Exposure during pregnancy has been associated with infertility, implantation defects, premature birth, spontaneous abortions, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes.\"},{\"question\":\"What long-term risks may arise for offspring after intrauterine exposure to EDCs?\",\"answer\":\"Intrauterine exposure may contribute to metabolic disorders, congenital anomalies, low birth weight, and delayed physical and mental development in offspring depending on exposure level and timing.\"}]","ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS AND PREGNANCY - Review Article | PDF",1790609090,28]