[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-417413-105":59,"doc-detail-417413-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-in-metabolic-bone-diseases-review-article","Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in metabolic bone diseases - Review Article","","Endocrine disruptors are widely used industrial chemicals that can mimic natural ligands by binding to hormone receptors and altering endocrine signaling through agonist–antagonist pathways. Human exposure occurs via contaminated food and water, inhalation of polluted air and dust, and dermal contact. Because bones undergo dynamic remodeling, endocrine-disrupting chemicals may impair bone formation, skeletal development, hormonal regulation, and calcium metabolism. The highest sensitivity occurs prenatally and in early postnatal life, and the review consolidates evidence on impacts on bone tissue.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-in-metabolic-bone-diseases-review-article/417413/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-in-metabolic-bone-diseases-review-article/417413.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How do endocrine-disrupting chemicals affect the endocrine system?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"They interfere with endocrine functions by binding to receptors in ways that can act as agonists or antagonists, altering physiological hormone synthesis, release, transport, binding, and elimination.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Through which routes do people typically get exposed to EDCs?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Exposure occurs through consumption of contaminated food and water, inhalation of polluted air and dust, and dermal contact.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why are bones considered targets for endocrine-disrupting chemicals?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Bones have dynamic remodeling capacity, so these chemicals can disrupt bone formation, skeletal development, hormonal regulation, and calcium metabolism, contributing to conditions such as osteoporosis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},417413,1790718476,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences  \n\n| Volume 55\u003Cbr>Number 7 SI-1 | Article 11 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 12-17-2025\u003Cbr>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis\u003Cbr>BETÜL GÜNDÜZ ELİF KILIÇ KANAYŞEGÜL ATMACA\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical](https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical)\u003Cbr> Part of the Medical Sciences Commons |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nGÜNDÜZ, B, KILIÇ KAN, E, & ATMACA, A (2025) . Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 55 (7): 1664-1670 . [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)10.55730/1300-0144.6128  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nThis Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. It has been accepted for inclusion in Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences by an authorized editor of TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. For more information, please contact [academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr](academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr)  \n\n| \u003Cbr>| Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences [http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/](http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/)\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Review Article | Turk J Med Sci\u003Cbr>(2025) 55: 1664-1670 © TÜBİTAK\u003Cbr>doi:10.55730/1300-0144.6128 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nEndocrine-disrupting chemicals in metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis  \nBetül GÜNDÜZ*􀁋, ElifKILIÇ KAN􀁋, Ayşegül ATMACA􀁋  \nDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University,  \nSamsun, Turkiye  \nReceived: 09.01.2025  Accepted/Published Online: 26.10.2025  Final Version: 17.12.2025  \nAbstract: Endocrine disruptors are chemical substances widely utilized across various industrial sectors. Due to their structural similarity to natural ligands, they bind to receptors and influence the endocrine system via agonist–antagonist mechanisms. Exposure occurs through the consumption of contaminated food and water, inhalation of polluted air and dust, and dermal contact. Owing to their dynamic remodeling capacity, bones represent potential targets for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These chemicals can disrupt bone formation, skeletal development, hormonal regulation, and calcium metabolism. Sensitivity to endocrine-disrupting chemicals is greatest during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. This review summarizes the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on bone tissue.  \nKey words: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, bone, osteoporosis  \n1. Introduction  \nEndocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with endocrine system functions by altering the physiological synthesis, release, transport, binding, and elimination of hormones in multiple ways [1] . Although their primary sources are industrial materials, they can also be present in certain plant-derived products. Naturally occurring EDCs are hydrophilic and can be eliminated from the body more rapidly. Lipophilic compounds accumulate in adipose tissue and exert longlasting effects. In daily life, EDCs are encountered in numerous products such as cosmetics, plastic toys, food packaging, furniture, and detergents. Human exposure to EDCs occurs through dermal absorption, inhalation, and ingestion of contaminated food. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring plant estrogens that are hydrophilic in nature and not stored in adipose tissue. Long-term and high-dose exposure is required for its effects to manifest. Polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol, and dioxins are lipophilic compounds that exert prolonged biological effects.  \nAnimal, cellular, and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that EDCs have significant implications for human health. Many EDCs are structurally similar to natural hormones, particularly estrogen. By exerting agonist–antagonist effects on hormone-sensitive cells","cbCaibdx6u5a3OnQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibdx6u5a3OnQ","pdf",282811,"English","# Abstract\n# Key words\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and bone","[{\"question\":\"How do endocrine-disrupting chemicals affect the endocrine system?\",\"answer\":\"They interfere with endocrine functions by binding to receptors in ways that can act as agonists or antagonists, altering physiological hormone synthesis, release, transport, binding, and elimination.\"},{\"question\":\"Through which routes do people typically get exposed to EDCs?\",\"answer\":\"Exposure occurs through consumption of contaminated food and water, inhalation of polluted air and dust, and dermal contact.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are bones considered targets for endocrine-disrupting chemicals?\",\"answer\":\"Bones have dynamic remodeling capacity, so these chemicals can disrupt bone formation, skeletal development, hormonal regulation, and calcium metabolism, contributing to conditions such as osteoporosis.\"}]","Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in metabolic bone diseases - Review Article | PDF",1790609105]