[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-417414-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-417414-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-and-the-adrenal-gland-review","Endocrine disrupting chemicals and the adrenal gland - Review","","Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds with hormone-like actions that can alter adrenal gland function in humans and animals. Adrenocortical dysfunction from chemical exposure has been documented in the literature. The adrenal gland is essential for steroid hormone synthesis and amino-acid derived catecholamines. EDCs may inhibit or sometimes activate key steroidogenic enzymes. Evidence links EDC exposure to cancers, early puberty, and reproductive disorders, with heightened risk during development, especially for pregnant women, babies, children, and adolescents.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-and-the-adrenal-gland-review/417414/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-and-the-adrenal-gland-review/417414.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and how do they affect the body?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"EDCs are exogenous substances with hormone-like effects that disrupt endogenous regulation. They can be detected in human and wildlife tissues after entering the body through environmental sources and food.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why are adrenal glands vulnerable to EDC exposure?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Adrenal glands contain adrenal cortex and medulla that interact closely, and they play a central role in stress responses. Their rich vascular supply and involvement of pathways like the HPA axis can facilitate distribution and impact of toxic substances.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which kinds of outcomes have studies linked to EDC exposure?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Research links EDC exposure to various harmful effects, including different cancers at younger ages, early puberty, and reproductive dysfunction. Developmental stages show higher susceptibility, especially for pregnant women, babies, children, and adolescents.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},417414,1790823189,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":111,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":118,"preview_page_count":4},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","Volume 55  \nArticle 4  \nNumber7 SI-1  \n12-17-2025  \nEndocrine disrupting chemicals and adrenal gland  \nGÜLAY SiMSEK BAGIR  \nMELEK EDA ERTÖRER  \nFollow this and additional works at:https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical  \nPart of the Medical Sciences Commons  \nRecommended Citation  \nSiMSEK BAGIR,G,&EDA ERTÖRER,M(2025).Endocrine disrupting chemicals and adrenal gland.TurkishJournal of Medical Sciences 55(7):1613-1619.https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.6121  \nThis workis licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nThis Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by TUBITAK Academic Journals.It has beenaccepted for inclusion in Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences by an authorized editor of TÜBiTAK AcademicJournals.For more information,please contact academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr  \n# Endocrine disrupting chemicals and the adrenal gland\n\nGülay SiMSEK BAGIR'D,Melek Eda ERTÖRERD  \nDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Faculty of Medicine,Baskent University Adana Dr.Turgut Noyan Application andResearch Center,Adana,Turkiye  \n     Received:19.02.2025 ·  Accepted/Published Online:13.10.2025 ·  Final Version:17.12.2025       \nAbstract:Endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)are exogenous compounds that have hormone-ike effects inside the body.Endocrinedisruptors can affect adrenal glandsin humans and animals.Adrenocortical dysfunction related to chemical exposure has been reportedin the literature.  \nThehuman adrenalgland is crucial forthe synthesisofsteroid hormones(glucocorticoids,mineralocorticoids,andandrogens)andaminoacid-derived hormones(epinephrine and norepinephrine).Allstepsin the adrenocortical steroidogenesis pathway are potential targetsfor chemical inhibition,incdluding the adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor,steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,mitochondrialcytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes (CYP11A1,CYP17,CYP21,CYP11B1,and CYP11B2),and 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase D4,5isomerase.EDCs either inhibit the enzymes in steroid biosynthesis or,occasionally,activate them further.  \nSeveral studies have reported evidencelinking EDC exposure to different cancers,early puberty,and reproductive dysfunction.The riskof these harmfuleffects is higher during development.Pregnant women,babies,children,and adolescents are especially vulnerable,andshould therefore be kept away from these chemicals.  \nKey words:Endocrine disruption,adrenal,hormones  \n# 1.Introduction\n\nexample,chemical exposure of the fetus during pregnancycan adversely affect fetal development [6].Therefore,vulnerable groups such as pregnant women,babies,children,and adolescents should be kept away from thesechemicals.  \nEndocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)are exogenoussubstances found in soil,water,and food.Thesechemicals can be detected in human and wildlife tissues.When ingested into the body,they have hormone-likeeffects and disrupt endogenous regulation.Plant-basedhormone-like substances naturally occur in foods,while industrial environmental pollutants such asdichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT),polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCB),bisphenol A(BPA),polybromidediphenyl ethers,and phthalates [1,2]are also examples ofEDCs.Scientific investigation into the role of EDCs onthe functional impairment of endocrine glands,such asthe pituitary,thyroid,and adrenal glands,has intensifiedin recent years [3-5].The exact mechanisms of actioninvolved in EDC toxicity are not fully understood.However,numerous mechanisms are thought to beinvolved,including oxidative stress,genotoxic andepigenetic effects,interaction with nuclear receptors,andincreased endogenous hormone sensitivity.The possibleeffects of EDC exposure include various endocrine andimmune system diseases,different cancers at younger ages,early puberty,and reproductive dysfunction [1,2].The riskof these harmful effects is higher during development.For  \n# 2.Endocrine disruptors and the adrenal gland\n\n## 2.1.Features of the adrenal gland that cause vulnerabilityto EDCs\n\nAdrenal glands ","cbCaib5MxbxDB4FF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib5MxbxDB4FF","pdf",491901,"English","# Endocrine disrupting chemicals and the adrenal gland\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Endocrine disruptors and the adrenal gland\n## 2.1. Features of the adrenal gland that cause vulnerability to EDCs","[{\"question\":\"What are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and how do they affect the body?\",\"answer\":\"EDCs are exogenous substances with hormone-like effects that disrupt endogenous regulation. They can be detected in human and wildlife tissues after entering the body through environmental sources and food.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are adrenal glands vulnerable to EDC exposure?\",\"answer\":\"Adrenal glands contain adrenal cortex and medulla that interact closely, and they play a central role in stress responses. Their rich vascular supply and involvement of pathways like the HPA axis can facilitate distribution and impact of toxic substances.\"},{\"question\":\"Which kinds of outcomes have studies linked to EDC exposure?\",\"answer\":\"Research links EDC exposure to various harmful effects, including different cancers at younger ages, early puberty, and reproductive dysfunction. Developmental stages show higher susceptibility, especially for pregnant women, babies, children, and adolescents.\"}]","Endocrine disrupting chemicals and the adrenal gland - Review | PDF",1790609111]