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Current models are described as creating unfunded mandates by requiring completion improvements without providing essential funding until after results appear. Complete College America proposes completion-goals funding, which provides funds up front while requiring colleges to meet completion targets, linking proven reforms to accountability and improved outcomes, especially for historically excluded students.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ending-unfunded-mandates-in-higher-education-using-completion-goals-funding-to-improve-accountability-and-outcomes/583890/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ending-unfunded-mandates-in-higher-education-using-completion-goals-funding-to-improve-accountability-and-outcomes/583890.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are current higher education funding models considered insufficient?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The report states current models do not sufficiently advance fully scaled improvements and create unfunded mandates—colleges must raise completion rates without receiving essential funding until after improvements show impact.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is completion-goals funding?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Completion-goals funding is presented as an outcomes-based evolution where colleges receive funds up front and must meet completion targets, strengthening the connection between funding, proven strategies, and measurable results.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does completion-goals funding relate to equity and student outcomes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The report emphasizes that outcomes-based funding often fails to support institutions most in need, especially those serving historically excluded students. Completion-goals funding is positioned as a way to improve accountability and outcomes for those students while advancing completion goals.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},583890,1792062455,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","ENDING UNFUNDED MANDATES  \nin Higher Education  \nUSING COMPLETIONGOALS FUNDING  \nto Improve Accountability and Outcomes  \nComplete College America (CCA) builds movements for scaled change and transforms institutions. Specifically, CCA drives systemic change that leads to better college completion rates; more equitable outcomes; and greater economic and social mobility, especially for historically excluded students. CCA operates at the federal, state, and institutional levels and works with its national network of forward-thinking state and higher education leaders. Since its founding in 2009, CCA and its network have introduced bold initiatives that help states andinstitutions implement data-driven policies, student-centered perspectives, and equity-driven practices.  \nThis publication is copyrighted by Complete College America. Complete College America grants this limited license for the following uses of this publication: (1) You may copy and redistribute the material in digital or paper format for noncommercial use, and  \n(2) you may adapt this publication by transforming it or building upon the material for any noncommercial use. These licensed uses are granted on the condition that you must give appropriate credit to Complete College America, include a copy of this license language, and indicate if changes were made. You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain. No warranties are given. This license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use.  \nCitation: Complete College America. Ending Unfunded Mandates in Higher Education: Using Completion-Goals Funding to Improve Accountability and Outcomes. (2023) . [https://completecollege.org/resource/EndingUnfundedMandates](https://completecollege.org/resource/EndingUnfundedMandates)  \nCONTENTS  \nExecutive Summary   2  \nDefining Completion-Goals Funding  3  \nIntroducing Completion-Goals Funding  4  \nSix Reasons for Moving Toward a New Higher Education Funding Model  6  \n1. Accelerate Current Improvements in College Completion  7  \n2. Meet U.S. Employers’ Needs and Maintain U.S. Competitiveness  9  \n3. Control Both Tuition Costs and Student Debt  10  \n4. Create More Equitable Outcomes  11  \n5. Encourage Colleges to Adopt Essential Reforms  12  \n6. Meet State Completion and Economic Goals  12  \nUnderstanding Current Higher Education Funding Models  13  \nCompletion-Goals Funding Addresses Five Critical Problems  15  \nA Closer Look at Completion-Goals Funding  16  \nCompletion-Goals Funding Step by Step  24  \nNext Steps for Completion-Goals Funding:  \nLong-Term Commitments and Support from CCA  27  \nAppendix: State-by-State Completion Goals and Progress  28  \nEndnotes  30  \nAcknowledgments   32  \nCOMPLETE COLLEGE AMERICA  \nEnding Unfunded Mandates in Higher Education: Using Completion-Goals Funding to Improve Accountability and Outcomes  \n1  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \nThe United States cannot meet its higher education goals without changing the way it funds public colleges and universities. Current funding models do not sufficiently advance fully scaled improvements. Instead, today’s models create unfunded mandates: Colleges are required to increase completion rates, but they do not receive essential funding until after improvements make an impact.  \nComplete College America (CCA) addresses this challenge with completion-goals funding, a new approach to managing higher education resources, helping colleges introduce proven reforms, and dramatically increasing completion rates. With completion-goals funding, colleges receive funds up front, and then they must meet completion targets. Completion-goals funding—an evolution of outcomes-based funding—is the next step in improving outcomes and meeting state completion goals.  \nStates Need a New Higher Education Funding Model  \nOver the past 13 years, CCA has worked with states across the country to introduce outcomes-based funding. While the specific funding formulas vary,","cbCaidvBvWDih7cI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidvBvWDih7cI","pdf",3561065,36,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Defining Completion-Goals Funding\n# Introducing Completion-Goals Funding\n# Six Reasons for Moving Toward a New Higher Education Funding Model\n## Accelerate Current Improvements in College Completion\n## Meet U.S. Employers’ Needs and Maintain U.S. Competitiveness\n## Control Both Tuition Costs and Student Debt\n## Create More Equitable Outcomes\n## Encourage Colleges to Adopt Essential Reforms\n## Meet State Completion and Economic Goals\n# Understanding Current Higher Education Funding Models\n# Completion-Goals Funding Addresses Five Critical Problems\n# A Closer Look at Completion-Goals Funding\n# Completion-Goals Funding Step by Step\n# Next Steps for Completion-Goals Funding: Long-Term Commitments and Support from CCA\n# Appendix: State-by-State Completion Goals and Progress\n# Endnotes\n# Acknowledgments","[{\"question\":\"Why are current higher education funding models considered insufficient?\",\"answer\":\"The report states current models do not sufficiently advance fully scaled improvements and create unfunded mandates—colleges must raise completion rates without receiving essential funding until after improvements show impact.\"},{\"question\":\"What is completion-goals funding?\",\"answer\":\"Completion-goals funding is presented as an outcomes-based evolution where colleges receive funds up front and must meet completion targets, strengthening the connection between funding, proven strategies, and measurable results.\"},{\"question\":\"How does completion-goals funding relate to equity and student outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"The report emphasizes that outcomes-based funding often fails to support institutions most in need, especially those serving historically excluded students. Completion-goals funding is positioned as a way to improve accountability and outcomes for those students while advancing completion goals.\"}]","Ending Unfunded Mandates in Higher Education - Using Completion-Goals Funding to Improve Accountability and Outcomes | PDF",1792048835,91]