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No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:  \nFacts On File, Inc.  \nAn imprint of Infobase Publishing  \n132 West 31st Street  \nNew York NY 10001  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nRuud, Jay.  \nEncyclopedia of medieval literature / Jay Ruud.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 0-8160-5497-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)  \n1. Literature, Medieval—Encyclopedias. 2. Literature, Medieval—Bio-bibliography. I. Title. PN669 .R88 2005  \n809’.02—dc22 2004031066  \nFacts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.  \nYou can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at [http://www.factsonfile.com](http://www.factsonfile.com)  \n[Text design by Rachel L. Berlin](Text design by Rachel L. Berlin)  \nCover design by Smart Graphics  \nQuotations from German and Italian Lyrics of the Middle Ages, copyright © 1973 by Frederick Goldin, and The Lyrics of the Troubadours and Trouvères, copyright © 1973 by Frederick Goldin, are used by permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc.  \nPrinted in the United States of America  \nVB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  \nThis book is printed on acid-free paper.  \nCONTENTS  \n􀀂􀀃  \nPreface iv  \nIntroduction v  \nAuthors’ Time Line xi  \nWriters Covered, by  \nLanguage of Composition xv  \nEntries A to Z 1  \nSelected Bibliography 711  \nContributors 716  \nIndex 717  \npRCE  \nI owe an important debt of gratitude to the contributors whose expertise helped put this book together. They are listed individually at the end of the volume, but I must specifically acknowledge the work of Albrecht Classen of the University of Arizona and Elisa Narin van Court of Colby College, who gladly contributed a significant number of entries each. I also want to thank the three editorial assistants who helped with the editing of the manuscript and contributed a number of entries themselves: Malene A. Little at Northern State University and Leslie Johnston and Michelle Palmer at the University of Central Arkansas.  \nI also want to express my gratitude to the University Research Council at the University of Cen-  \ntral Arkansas, chaired by Elaine McNiece, for their generous grant that enabled me to hire two of my editorial assistants.  \nFinally, I want to thank Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc., for permission to quote extensively from German and Italian Lyrics of the Middle Ages and from The Lyrics of the Troubadours and Trouvères, two excellent 1973 anthologies translated by Frederick Goldin.  \nJay Ruud Conway, Arkansas November 2004  \nINTRO CTION  \nTo compose an encyclopedia of “medieval literature” of the world is a daunting prospect, since it involves a significant period of time (more than 1,000 years) and a remarkable number of literary traditions (European, Middle Eastern, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean—and important subcategories of each) . Nevertheless, this book is intended to make general sense of that dizzying array of texts and traditions for beginning students of the era, by selecting the foremost texts and writers from each of the major traditions of Europe and Asia. While there are also African and American texts based on oral traditions that may extend back into medieval times, the written texts that we have of these compositions are modern renditions of ancient oral material, and so I have not included them here.  \nBecause this book is written in English for English-sp","cbCaigciA2BIesPr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigciA2BIesPr","pdf",4205453,753,"English","# Preface\n# Introduction\n## Authors’ Time Line\n## Writers Covered, by Language of Composition\n# Entries A to Z\n# Selected Bibliography\n# Contributors\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"Who is the encyclopedia intended for?\",\"answer\":\"It is intended for beginning students of medieval literature and the instructors who seek background context.\"},{\"question\":\"Which traditions receive the most coverage?\",\"answer\":\"The work emphasizes major European and Asian literary traditions, with more entries drawn from Old English and Middle English for English-speaking readers.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the entries and further readings organized?\",\"answer\":\"Entries are arranged A to Z and are followed by a selected bibliography; for more often-studied writers or texts, the recommended reading list may also include articles.\"}]","Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature | PDF",1789773704,1160]