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Using data from 1,163 adolescents, a structural equation model (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) examine links among emotional competence, body image, social media use, and health-promoting lifestyles. SEM shows emotional regulation, self-control, and empathy operate through body image. fsQCA identifies multiple pathways to high lifestyle levels, and social media use strengthens the body appreciation effect.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/enablers-of-students-health-promoting-lifestyle-evidence-from-pls-sem-and-fsqca/437949/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/enablers-of-students-health-promoting-lifestyle-evidence-from-pls-sem-and-fsqca/437949.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rainbow Cat","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the study examine as potential enablers of adolescent health-promoting lifestyles?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It investigates emotional competence (emotion regulation, self-control, empathy), body image, and social media use, and how these factors interrelate to support health-promoting lifestyles.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What do the SEM results indicate about emotional competence and body image?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The SEM results suggest that emotional regulation, self-control, and empathy explain body image and then influence adolescent health-promoting lifestyles.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How do fsQCA results characterize the pathways to a high level of health-promoting lifestyle?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"fsQCA indicates multiple configurations among emotional regulation, empathy, self-control, body appreciation, and social media use that lead to high levels of health-promoting lifestyle.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},437949,1791033713,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962090769181,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","TYPE Brief Research Report PUBLISHED 22 December 2025 DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1667920  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nJing Su,  \nTsinghua University, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nSten Olof Martin Hellström, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden Xide Yu,  \nGuangdong Polytechnic Normal University, China  \nEddy Noviana, Universitas Riau, Indonesia Cholid Tri Tjahjono,  \nUniversity of Brawijaya, Indonesia  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nFuxue Zhao  \n [zfx6289@163.com](zfx6289@163.com)  \nRECEIVED 17 July 2025  \nREVISED 12 November 2025  \nACCEPTED 29 November 2025  \nPUBLISHED 22 December 2025  \nCITATION  \nZhang L and Zhao F (2025) Enablers of students’ health-promoting lifestyle: evidence from PLS-SEM and fsQCA.  \nFront. Public Health 13:1667920 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1667920  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Zhang and Zhao. This is an  \nopen-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nEnablers of students’  \nhealth-promoting lifestyle: evidence from PLS-SEM and fsQCA  \nLanxing Zhang and Fuxue Zhao*  \nHubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Scientific Sports and Health Promotion, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China  \nAdolescent health-promoting lifestyles, which are of global concern, significantly influence personal well-being. Previous research has highlighted the close connection between emotional competence and adolescent health behaviors and lifestyles. However, there is limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms between specific dimensions of emotional competence and adolescent health-promoting lifestyles. The study included 1,163 adolescents (female = 52. 5%, age mean = 13. 29, SD = 0. 8) structural equation model (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) were used to investigate the interrelationships among adolescents’emotional competence, body image, social media use, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. According to the SEM results, emotional regulation, self-control, and empathy can all account for body image and subsequently affect adolescent health-promoting lifestyles. The results of fsQCA indicate that there are multiple configurations among emotional regulation, empathy, self-control, body appreciation, and social media use that lead to a high level of health-promoting lifestyle for adolescents. Furthermore, social media use was found to positively moderate the relationship between body appreciation and a health-promoting lifestyle. These findings can assist families and schools in formulating corresponding strategies during adolescent growth, help adolescents enhance their emotional competence, and establish a positive body image to promote the formation of a health-promoting lifestyle.  \nKEYWORDS  \nadolescence health-promoting lifestyle, emotion regulation, empathy, self-control, body image  \n1 Introduction  \nThe healthy development of adolescents has invariably been a crucial topic in social development. Given the escalating rates of adolescent obesity, myopia, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy interpersonal communication ( 1), along with shifts in lifestyle and psychological wellbeing in the post-COVID-19 era, strengthening the management of adolescents’ emotional competence and facilitating their establishment of a health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) among this population. These have become key global concerns and essential components of social welfare. A health-promoting lifestyle generally encompasses behaviors related to nutrition, health responsibility, and physical activity (2). It represents a set of health-oriented behavioral patterns that individuals choose based on their life circumstances (3), aimed at realizing health","cbCainfnm1ewddws","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainfnm1ewddws","pdf",640323,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Emotional competence and health-promoting lifestyle","[{\"question\":\"What does the study examine as potential enablers of adolescent health-promoting lifestyles?\",\"answer\":\"It investigates emotional competence (emotion regulation, self-control, empathy), body image, and social media use, and how these factors interrelate to support health-promoting lifestyles.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the SEM results indicate about emotional competence and body image?\",\"answer\":\"The SEM results suggest that emotional regulation, self-control, and empathy explain body image and then influence adolescent health-promoting lifestyles.\"},{\"question\":\"How do fsQCA results characterize the pathways to a high level of health-promoting lifestyle?\",\"answer\":\"fsQCA indicates multiple configurations among emotional regulation, empathy, self-control, body appreciation, and social media use that lead to high levels of health-promoting lifestyle.\"}]","Enablers of students’ health-promoting lifestyle: evidence from PLS-SEM and fsQCA | PDF",1790683611,35]