[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-324289-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-324289-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","employment-growth-job-creation-and-job-destruction-in-ohio","Employment Growth, Job Creation, and Job Destruction in Ohio","","Employment growth in Ohio has lagged behind the United States since the mid-1990s, with weaker job creation and rising job destruction contributing to slower overall employment expansion. Using Census Bureau and Small Business Administration data, the commentary examines firm entry and exit and the growth of continuing firms from 1989 to 2001, comparing job creation and destruction patterns across states to identify trend changes behind Ohio’s performance.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/employment-growth-job-creation-and-job-destruction-in-ohio/324289/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/employment-growth-job-creation-and-job-destruction-in-ohio/324289.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Quinn","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why has Ohio’s employment growth lagged the nation?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Ohio’s net employment gains have been held back by slower job creation relative to the U.S. and, more recently, by a rapid rise in job destruction.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What data and approach does the commentary use to study employment dynamics?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It uses recently available Census Bureau and Small Business Administration data to track how firm entry and exit and the growth of continuing firms shaped employment growth from 1989 to 2001.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How do job creation and job destruction work together in Ohio’s employment change?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Employment growth reflects both adding new jobs and destroying existing ones. In the late 1990s, Ohio added fewer new jobs while destroying a larger share of jobs than would be implied by national rates.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},324289,1790469997,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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performance.InOhio lately,the news hasn't been good.Since the last business cycle peak inMarch 2001,Ohio's employment fell3 percent,while the nation added nearly  \nL.6 percent new jobs.Relative to otherstates in the nation.Ohio fared none toowell,ranking forty-seventh in terns ofemployment growth.Ohio's laggingemployment growth hasn't just been aphenomenon of the recent business cycleeither.Afier tracking and trailing thenational average for different periodsthroughout history,Ohio has trailed thenation since the mid-1990s(sce figure 1).In fact,from 1995 to 2001,Ohio's  \n0.6 percent average annual employmentgrowth was well below the nationalaverage of 1.6 percent,placing it amongthe five states with the lowest employ-ment growth over this period  \nWhy is Ohio's employment growth lag-ging the nation and other states?Untilrecently,it's been hard to tell for sure.Economists have relied mainly onaggregated data to study diffierences innet employment growth across regions.While net employment changes are usu-ally tracked as a major indicator of thegrowth and decline of the economy.these numbers mask the underlyingprocess of employment turnover.Agrowing number of studies have ana-lyzed data at the firm level and foundthat job creation and destruction occursimultancously on a large scale at allphases of the business cycle.In most ofthe industrial sectors and geographicalregions that have been studied,it turnsout that gross job creation and destruc-tion,or the total number of jobs createdand destroyed,is relatively large—fargreater than one would suspect by look-ing at just the net change.Overall,this  \n# Employment Growth,Job Creation,and Job Destruction in Ohio\n\nline of economic research suggests thatifwe want to understand the dynamicunderpinnings of regional employmentgrowth,it is important to study patternsofjob creation and destruction.  \nThis Economic Commentary takes a pre-liminary step toward understandingemployment dynamics in Ohio,focusingon whyOhio's employment growth hasstruggled over the past 10years.Usingrecently available data from the CensusBureau and the Small Business Adminis-tration,'we examinc how the entry andexit of firms in to and out of the econ-omy,along with the growth of continu-ing firms,contributed to employmentgrowth in Ohio from 1989 to 2001.Weinvestigate how the patterns of job cre-ation and destruction differ across statesin order to identify any change in trendsthat contributed to slower employmentgrowth in Ohio.  \n■ Job Creation and DestructionEconomies are much more dynamic thanit seems at first glance.Every day theU.S.economy adds thousands of jobs,and every day thousands more aredestroyed.This turnover occurs as firmsrespond to changing economie condi-tions or technological improvements  \nMost new jobs—about two-thirds ofthem—are created by existing firms,butnew firms represent an important sourceof job creation as well.Similarly,firmsthat downsize but remain in operationaccount for the most jobs lost,but aboutonc-third of all jobs destroyed resultfrom firms closing.  \nTo illustrate the dynamics ofemploy-ment growth,let's look at an example.Inthe 1990s,the United States averagednet employment growth of 2.0 percent.  \nOver the past several years,Ohio'semployment has grown much moreslowly than the national average.Ifwe look at patterns of job ereationand destruction in the state,we canstart to get a handle on why.In thelate 1990s,not only was the rate ofjob ereation sluggish relative to thenation,but the rate of job destructionclimbed rapidly  \nThis did not result from simply adding  \n2.0 percent more jobs every year;theprocess was much more intricate.Thisemployment growth resulted fromadding 16.7 percent new jobs every yearwhile 14.7percent ofexisting jobs weredestroyed.  \n■ Sluggish Job CreationFigure 2 shows job creation rates forOhio and the United States.To illustratehow Ohio's performance compares tothat of o","cbCaicyaPADug9js","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicyaPADug9js","pdf",1059789,"English","# Employment Growth, Job Creation, and Job Destruction in Ohio\n## Rising Job Destruction\n## Sluggish Job Creation","[{\"question\":\"Why has Ohio’s employment growth lagged the nation?\",\"answer\":\"Ohio’s net employment gains have been held back by slower job creation relative to the U.S. and, more recently, by a rapid rise in job destruction.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and approach does the commentary use to study employment dynamics?\",\"answer\":\"It uses recently available Census Bureau and Small Business Administration data to track how firm entry and exit and the growth of continuing firms shaped employment growth from 1989 to 2001.\"},{\"question\":\"How do job creation and job destruction work together in Ohio’s employment change?\",\"answer\":\"Employment growth reflects both adding new jobs and destroying existing ones. In the late 1990s, Ohio added fewer new jobs while destroying a larger share of jobs than would be implied by national rates.\"}]","Employment Growth, Job Creation, and Job Destruction in Ohio | PDF",1789967534,13]