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Sixty dyads across four parental hearing-status groups were observed at 18 months. Results show significant group differences in parental sensitivity and child responsiveness, with hearing mothers of Deaf infants scoring lowest across emotional availability subcategories. Differences also emerge for attentional touch and total touch, where Deaf mothers of Deaf or hearing infants use both more than hearing mothers. Support and interventions for hearing mothers of Deaf infants are discussed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/emotional-availability-and-touch-in-deaf-and-hearing-dyads/590621/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/emotional-availability-and-touch-in-deaf-and-hearing-dyads/590621.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the study’s focus regarding emotional availability and touch?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study examined emotional availability and the functions of touch used by Deaf or hearing parents with hearing or Deaf infants during free play.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the dyads structured and when were observations conducted?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Sixty parent-infant dyads representing four hearing-status groups were observed when the infants were 18 months old.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What differences were found between groups in touch behaviors and emotional availability?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Significant differences appeared in parental sensitivity and child responsiveness, with hearing mothers of Deaf infants scoring lowest. Attentional touch and total touch also differed, with Deaf mothers using both types more than hearing mothers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},590621,1792171187,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","| \u003Cbr>Paradis, G. , & Koester, L. S. (2015) . Emotional availability and touch in deaf and hearing dyads. American Annals of the Deaf, 160(3), 303–315.\u003Cbr>EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY AND TOUCH IN DEAF AND HEARING DYADS\u003Cbr>I\u003Cbr>GRACE PARADIS AND LYNNE SANFORD KOESTER\u003Cbr>PARADIS IS A VISITING LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, STANISLAUS. KOESTER IS A PROFESSOR EMERITA, DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA, MISSOULA.\u003Cbr>N RECENT YEARS , increasing attention has been given to the development of deaf children, though few studies have included Deaf parents. The present study examined emotional availability (EA) and functions of touch used by Deaf or hearing parents with hearing or deaf infants during free play. Sixty dyads representing four hearing status groups were observed when the infants were 18 months old. Comparisons among all four groups revealed significant differences in regard to parental sensitivity and child responsiveness, with hearing mothers with deaf infants tending to score lowest in the various subcategories of EA. Significant differences were also found for attentional touch and total touch, with deaf mothers of deaf or hearing infants using both types of touch more than hearing mothers of deaf or hearing infants. The importance of support and interventions for hearing mothers with deaf infants is discussed.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Deaf infants, Deaf parents, parent-infant interactions, emotional availability, touch\u003Cbr>Of the approximately 5,000 deaf children born each year in the United States (Thompson et al. , 2001), more than 90% are born to hearing parents (Marschark, 1993b) . In order to understand the development of these children, it is sometimes informative to consider the 10% born to Deaf parents as models for comparison with hearing parents of deaf infants, and as examples of communication patterns that might be helpful in terms of intervention strategies.\u003Cbr>In 1987, researchers at Gallaudet Uni-\u003Cbr>versity began a large-scale longitudinal study of the early social, cognitive, and communicative development of deaf children (Meadow-Orlans, Spencer, & Koester, 2004) .1 Prior to this, few studies had been published on deaf children younger than the age of 2 years (Meadow-Orlans, Erting, & Moores, 2004) . In addition to including data collected on infants at ages 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months, this dataset is unique in its inclusion of Deaf parents and their infants.\u003Cbr>In the present article, we first summarize the literature related to deafness in the context of parent-child communication in the early years, placing particular emphasis on two important aspects\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>303 |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\nVOLUME 160, NO. 3, 2015 AMERICAN ANNALS OF THE DEAF  \nEA AND TOUCH IN DEAF AND HEARING DYADS  \n\n| of maternal behavior: (a) emotional responsiveness and availability and (b) touch as a component of communication with special relevance for deafchildren. The inspiration for this study was an investigation by Pipp-Siegel, Blair, Deas, Pressman, and Yoshinaga-Itano (1998), who looked at EA and touch among hearing mothers with their hearing or deaf infants.\u003Cbr>Deafness and ParentInfant Communication\u003Cbr>Communication with any infant requires acquiring and maintaining the baby ’s attention, but for deaf infants, visual attention is particularly critical. In the contemporary industrialized world, many deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH) children are able to take advantage of sophisticated technology that allows them much better access to sounds—including speech—than was previously the case. The result, compared to when earlier studies were first initiated, is that these children are now more likely to develop oral communication skills and may rely less on signed communication. However, it is important to note that the National Association of the Deaf (2000) has stated that “cochlear implantation is a technology that represents a tool to be used in some forms of communication, and not a cure f","cbCaihkjPmxfMPbB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihkjPmxfMPbB","pdf",379411,"English","# Emotional availability and touch in deaf and hearing dyads\n## Emotional availability and touch overview\n## Deafness and parent-infant communication\n## Visual attention and communication needs\n## Hearing parents’ challenges and strategies","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s focus regarding emotional availability and touch?\",\"answer\":\"The study examined emotional availability and the functions of touch used by Deaf or hearing parents with hearing or Deaf infants during free play.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the dyads structured and when were observations conducted?\",\"answer\":\"Sixty parent-infant dyads representing four hearing-status groups were observed when the infants were 18 months old.\"},{\"question\":\"What differences were found between groups in touch behaviors and emotional availability?\",\"answer\":\"Significant differences appeared in parental sensitivity and child responsiveness, with hearing mothers of Deaf infants scoring lowest. Attentional touch and total touch also differed, with Deaf mothers using both types more than hearing mothers.\"}]","EMOTIONAL AVAILABILITY AND TOUCH IN DEAF AND HEARING DYADS | PDF",1792070074,33]