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This review synthesizes the genetic landscape and the cellular and molecular basis of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer, and evaluates current treatments while outlining future therapeutic directions, including targeted kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy for selected patients.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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are advanced follicular-derived thyroid cancers more difficult to manage than well-differentiated cases?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Most well-differentiated cases respond well to surgery and radioiodine, whereas advanced thyroid cancers include iodine-refractory and poorly differentiated/anaplastic subtypes that are harder to treat effectively.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What advances have supported improved management of advanced thyroid cancers in recent years?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Better understanding of genetic drivers and the immune tumor microenvironment has led to significant therapeutic progress, enabling more effective targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which treatment strategies are discussed for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review discusses targeted kinase inhibitors approved for advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancers and anaplastic thyroid cancer, along with immunotherapy studied for selected cases.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},333438,1790035774,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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\nEDITED BY  \nJingzhou Hu,  \nShanghai Jiao Tong University, China  \nREVIEWED BY Chao Li,  \nSichuan Cancer Hospital, China Chuan-zheng Sun,  \nKunming Medical University, China Ming Song,  \nSun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), China  \n*CORRESPONDENCE Roza Nurieva  \n [rnurieva@mdanderson.org](rnurieva@mdanderson.org)[ ](rnurieva@mdanderson.org)Maria E. Cabanillas  \n [mcabani@mdanderson.org](mcabani@mdanderson.org)[ ](mcabani@mdanderson.org)Sang T. Kim  \n [sangtaek.kim@yale.edu](sangtaek.kim@yale.edu)[ ](sangtaek.kim@yale.edu)Stephen Y. Lai  \n [SYLai@mdanderson.org](SYLai@mdanderson.org)  \n†These authors have contributed equally to this work  \nRECEIVED 12 January 2024  \nACCEPTED 12 March 2024  \nPUBLISHED 29 May 2024  \nCITATION  \nTurner N, Hamidi S, Ouni R, Rico R, Henderson YC, Puche M, Alekseev S, Colunga-Minutti JG, Zafereo ME, Lai SY, Kim ST, Cabanillas ME and Nurieva R (2024)  \nEmerging therapeutic options for follicular-derived thyroid cancer in the era of immunotherapy.  \nFront. Immunol. 15:1369780 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369780  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Turner, Hamidi, Ouni, Rico, Henderson, Puche, Alekseev, Colunga-Minutti, Zafereo, Lai, Kim, Cabanillas and Nurieva. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nEmerging therapeutic options for follicular-derived thyroid cancer in the era of immunotherapy  \nNaimah Turner 1†, Sarah Hamidi 2†, Rim Ouni 1, Rene Rico 1, Ying C. Henderson 3, Maria Puche 1,4, Sayan Alekseev 1,5, Jocelynn G. Colunga-Minutti 1,6, Mark E. Zafereo 3, Stephen Y. Lai 3*, Sang T. Kim 7*, Maria E. Cabanillas 2* and Roza Nurieva 1,6*  \n1 Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States, 2 Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States, 3 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States,  \n4 Department of Biology, College of Science and Engineering, Houston Christian University, Houston, TX, United States, 5 Program of Biology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, 6 Program of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States, 7 Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States  \nAlthough most follicular-derived thyroid cancers are well differentiated and have an overall excellent prognosis following treatment with surgery and radioiodine, management of advanced thyroid cancers, including iodine refractory disease and poorly differentiated/undifferentiated subtypes, is more challenging. Over the past decade, better understanding of the genetic drivers and immune milieu of advanced thyroid cancers has led to significant progress in the management of these patients. Numerous targeted kinase inhibitors are now approved by the U. S Food and Drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced, radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) as well as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) . Immunotherapy has also been thoroughly studied and has shown promise in selected cases. In this review, we summarize the progress in the understanding of the genetic landscape and the cellular and molecular basis of radioiodine refractory-DTC and ATC, as well as discuss the current treatment options and future therapeutic aven","cbCaiolAmY9oZu64","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiolAmY9oZu64","pdf",1329013,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Thyroid cancer subtypes and differentiation status\n## Epidemiology and clinical prognosis\n## Treatment challenges in advanced disease\n# Emerging therapeutic options\n## Genetic and immune milieu in advanced thyroid cancer\n## Targeted therapies for radioiodine-refractory disease\n## Immunotherapy and future avenues","[{\"question\":\"Why are advanced follicular-derived thyroid cancers more difficult to manage than well-differentiated cases?\",\"answer\":\"Most well-differentiated cases respond well to surgery and radioiodine, whereas advanced thyroid cancers include iodine-refractory and poorly differentiated/anaplastic subtypes that are harder to treat effectively.\"},{\"question\":\"What advances have supported improved management of advanced thyroid cancers in recent years?\",\"answer\":\"Better understanding of genetic drivers and the immune tumor microenvironment has led to significant therapeutic progress, enabling more effective targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"Which treatment strategies are discussed for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses targeted kinase inhibitors approved for advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancers and anaplastic thyroid cancer, along with immunotherapy studied for selected cases.\"}]","Emerging therapeutic options for follicular-derived thyroid cancer in the era of immunotherapy | PDF",1790002440,45]