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This brief examines how strategic pathway models—such as Grow Your Own programs, teacher residencies, and Registered Teacher Apprenticeship Programs (RTAPs)—can support recruitment, preparation, and retention. It also analyzes why evidence remains incomplete, focusing on evaluation barriers including program design variation and measurement challenges.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/emerging-pathways-into-the-teacher-profession-evaluating-and-substantiating-their-effectiveness/583086/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/emerging-pathways-into-the-teacher-profession-evaluating-and-substantiating-their-effectiveness/583086.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"\tJames","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What teacher workforce problems motivate the use of alternative teaching pathways?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The document cites educator staffing shortages across all 50 states, with many roles unfilled or filled by emergency or uncertified and inexperienced teachers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are Registered Teacher Apprenticeship Programs (RTAPs) and why are they significant?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"RTAPs are positioned as growing rapidly and provide aspiring teachers paid work experience and in-class instruction alongside a recognized teaching license.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of pathways programs?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Evaluation is challenged by unclear program designs and highly variable implementation, plus limitations in measurement approaches that make findings hard to compare across studies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},583086,1792062043,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336474466412,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Emerging Pathways Into the Teacher Profession: Evaluating and Substantiating Their Effectiveness  \nAuthors: Amanda Danks, Etai Mizrav, Ryan Eisner, Lynn Holdheide  \nCollaboratively produced by AIR’s Center on Great Teachers and Leaders & the Center for Economic Evaluation  \nThe United States has a staffing shortage in the educator workforce. With fewer individuals entering the profession, increased educator attrition, and all 50 states reporting a teacher shortage in at least one subject area, teacher positions are unfilled or staffed with emergency or uncertified and inexperienced teachers (American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, n.d.; Partelow, 2019) . In early 2020, Secretary Miguel Cardona issued a call to action to push for more innovation in pathways into the teaching profession. In response to this call and staff shortages, states, districts, and educator preparation programs are leveraging  \nThe current proliferation of strategic pathways, which reflects the increasing demand for high-quality teachers, holds the potential to increase the pipeline of teachers and make becoming a teacher more accessible and affordable.  \nalternative and innovative pathways to establish a pipeline of teachers to fill the nation’s classrooms, including Grow Your Own (GYO) programs, teacher residency models, or Registered Teacher Apprenticeship Programs (RTAPs) . Within this brief, we refer to these programs and models as pathways to teaching. The current proliferation of pathways, which reflects the increasing demand for high-quality teachers, holds the potential to increase the pipeline of teachers and make becoming a teacher more accessible and affordable. The goal of these pathways is to enhance the recruitment, preparation, and retention of teachers. Achieving this goal can improve academic and social outcomes for all students, particularly for students often most affected by teacher shortages, including students with disabilities, culturally and linguistically diverse students, students of color, and students living in poverty (Goldhaber et al., 2017) .  \nNotably, the use of RTAPs is growing rapidly and offers aspiring teachers the opportunity to receive training while earning a salary and working in schools. RTAPs are often structured like teacher residencies and GYO programs. Various U.S. Department of Labor and Department of Education funds (see A Funding Guide for Supporting a Registered Teacher Apprenticeship Program With Federal and State Funds) provide funding for RTAPs. According to the U.S. Department of Education (2023), 21 states have pioneered RTAPs, made possible through strategic collaborations between districts, universities, state departments of labor, and state departments of education. RTAPs enable schools and districts to cultivate and prepare a pipeline of educators for their specific context. Simultaneously, participating apprentices gain the advantage of paid work experience, in-class instruction, and a recognized teaching license.  \nAs the use of pathways (e.g., RTAPs, GYO programs, teacher residencies) continues to grow, so does the need to substantiate their effectiveness. Some evidence exists regarding effectiveness of teacher residency programs in attracting a more diverse workforce, training teachers for subject areas that have critical shortages, and recruiting and retaining teachers for specific communities (Carver-Thomas, 2018; Gist et al., 2019; Papay et al., 2012) . However, these findings do not represent all pathways. Additionally, few studies delve into the specific features of implementation or consider contextual factors or determine if the programs are addressing particular staffing challenges, whether by subject area (e.g., STEM and special education) or school settings (e.g., hard-to-staff schools; Cardoza, 2023) . As such, current findings provide an incomplete picture of potential effects of pathways in terms of teacher quality, retention, and impact on student outcomes.  \nCha","cbCaimRy1jX9mdzs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimRy1jX9mdzs","pdf",234768,"English","# Emerging Pathways Into the Teacher Profession\n## Goals and rationale for pathway programs\n## RTAPs and their growth\n## Why effectiveness needs substantiation\n# Challenges for Evaluating Pathways Programs\n## Program design\n## Effectiveness measures","[{\"question\":\"What teacher workforce problems motivate the use of alternative teaching pathways?\",\"answer\":\"The document cites educator staffing shortages across all 50 states, with many roles unfilled or filled by emergency or uncertified and inexperienced teachers.\"},{\"question\":\"What are Registered Teacher Apprenticeship Programs (RTAPs) and why are they significant?\",\"answer\":\"RTAPs are positioned as growing rapidly and provide aspiring teachers paid work experience and in-class instruction alongside a recognized teaching license.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of pathways programs?\",\"answer\":\"Evaluation is challenged by unclear program designs and highly variable implementation, plus limitations in measurement approaches that make findings hard to compare across studies.\"}]","Emerging Pathways Into the Teacher Profession - Evaluating and Substantiating Their Effectiveness | PDF",1792045691,18]