[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-330136-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-330136-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","elucidating-the-link-between-thyroid-cancer-and-mercury-exposure-a-review-and-meta-analysis","Elucidating the link between thyroid cancer and mercury exposure - a review and meta-analysis","","Mercury (Hg) is a widely distributed, bioavailable public health contaminant with established toxic effects, yet evidence linking it to thyroid cancer (TC) has been limited. This review and systematic meta-analysis synthesize studies from 1995–2022 to clarify relationships between mercury exposure and thyroid carcinogenesis, pool findings on mechanistic plausibility, and highlight priority populations for future research. Quantitative results indicate associations between mercury exposure and TC risk, including higher urinary mercury in TC patients and elevated risk and tissue concentrations in exposed or cancer cohorts. Definitive dietary-mercury risk conclusions are constrained by insufficient evidence, while multiple affected pathways relevant to TC development are emphasized. Further research is required to establish clinical relevance for dietary and environmental mercury exposures.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/elucidating-the-link-between-thyroid-cancer-and-mercury-exposure-a-review-and-meta-analysis/330136/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/elucidating-the-link-between-thyroid-cancer-and-mercury-exposure-a-review-and-meta-analysis/330136.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Patrick","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the purpose of the review and meta-analysis on mercury and thyroid cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To synthesize evidence from 1995–2022 to define relationships between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer, consolidate support for mercury’s potential role in thyroid carcinogenesis, and identify populations needing further study.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Does the paper find a statistical association between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Yes. Quantitative analysis reported associations between TC risk and mercury exposure, including higher urinary mercury levels in TC patients and higher relative risk in groups exposed to elevated mercury.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why can’t the study provide a definitive conclusion about dietary mercury as a thyroid cancer risk factor?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The abstract states that evidence is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions specifically for dietary mercury, even though mechanistic pathways and quantitative associations are discussed.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},330136,1790277388,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2024) 31:12841–12855  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s1) 1356-024-32031-8  \nElucidating the link between thyroid cancer and mercury exposure: a review and meta‑analysis  \nAlyssa M. Webster1 · Dylan Pinion1 · Eric Pineda1 · Hadeel Aboueisha2 · Mohammad H. Hussein3 · Manal S. Fawzy4,5 · Eman A. Toraih3,6 · Emad Kandil3  \nReceived: 17 August 2023 / Accepted: 12 January 2024 / Published online: 26 January 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nAbstract  \nMercury (Hg) is a widely distributed and bioavailable metal of public health concern, with many known human toxicities, but data regarding mercury's influence on thyroid cancer (TC) is scarce. Mercury is known to impact several molecular pathways implicated in carcinogenesis, and its proclivity for bioaccumulation in the thyroid suggests a potential modulatory effect. We conducted a literature/systematic review of studies between 1995–2022 intending to define better and establish relationships between these two entities, congregate the evidence for mercury's potential role in thyroid carcinogenesis, and identify populations of interest for further study. Insufficient evidence precludes definitive conclusions on dietary mercury as a TC risk factor; however, several common mechanisms affected by mercury are crucial for TC development, including biochemical, endocrine, and reactive oxygen species effects. Quantitative analysis revealed associations between TC risk and mercury exposure. In three mercury studies, average urine levels were higher in TC patients, with a mean difference of 1.86 µg/g creatinine (95% CI = 0.32–3.41) . In two studies investigating exposure to elevated mercury levels, the exposed group exhibited a higher risk of developing TC, with a relative risk of 1.90 (95% CI = 1.76–2.06) . In three thyroid tissue studies, mercury levels (ppm) were higher in TC patients, averaging 0.14 (0.06–0.22) in cancerous cases (N = 178) and 0.08 (0.04–0.11) in normal thyroids (N = 257). Our findings suggest an association between mercury exposure and TC risk, implying a possible predisposing factor. Further research is necessary to reveal the clinical relevance of dietary and environmental mercury exposures in TC pathogenesis.  \nKeywords Thyroid · Cancer · Mercury · Risk · Environment · Diet · Review  \nResponsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya  \n* Eman A. Toraih[etoraih@tulane.edu](etoraih@tulane.edu)  \n1 School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA  \n2 Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt  \n3 Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA  \n4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia  \n5 Unit of Medical Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia  \n6 Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt  \nIntroduction  \nDespite its high survival rate, thyroid cancer (TC) has garnered considerable interest due to its rapidly escalating incidence in the last two decades, averaging a 3% annual increase between 2000–2013 (Lim et al. 2017) . Since 2015, TC incidence has stabilized, attributed mainly to advancements in American Thyroid Association (ATA) management guidelines and improved early-stage tumor detection and targeting (Pereira et al. 2020) . Despite these encouraging statistics, TC mortality and diagnoses of the advanced disease continue to rise, suggesting an authentic trend of increased incidence (Megwalu and Moon 2022) . TC remains the most prevalent endocrine malignancy, and its disease burden has escalated (Deng et al. 2020) .  \nMercury (Hg), a heavy metal, poses significant public health concerns due to its toxicity and widespread human exposure. Mercury is found in seafood, househ","cbCairXeItp8LdVJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairXeItp8LdVJ","pdf",1654798,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the review and meta-analysis on mercury and thyroid cancer?\",\"answer\":\"To synthesize evidence from 1995–2022 to define relationships between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer, consolidate support for mercury’s potential role in thyroid carcinogenesis, and identify populations needing further study.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the paper find a statistical association between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. Quantitative analysis reported associations between TC risk and mercury exposure, including higher urinary mercury levels in TC patients and higher relative risk in groups exposed to elevated mercury.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can’t the study provide a definitive conclusion about dietary mercury as a thyroid cancer risk factor?\",\"answer\":\"The abstract states that evidence is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions specifically for dietary mercury, even though mechanistic pathways and quantitative associations are discussed.\"}]","Elucidating the link between thyroid cancer and mercury exposure - a review and meta-analysis | PDF",1789987375,38]