[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-134658-en":3,"doc-seo-134658-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},134658,3848291630094,"Emma Wilson","https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45",8,"Research & Report","Electronic paper in color by electrochromic materials and plasmonics - doctoral thesis","The thesis investigates how structural colors, plasmonics, and electrochromics can improve the optical performance of electronic paper in color. Since emissive displays produce their own light while reflective electronic paper reuses ambient light, the work targets lower power consumption and better sunlight readability. Color electronic paper is limited by an insufficient color gamut, motivating pixel designs with high reflectivity and electrochemically switchable ON/OFF states. Two material integration strategies and passive and active matrix concepts are evaluated.","THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY  \nElectronic paper in color by electrochromic materials and  \nplasmonics  \nOLIVER OLSSON  \nDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  \nCHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY  \nGothenburg, Sweden 2023  \nElectronic paper in color by electrochromic materials and plasmonics  \nOLIVER OLSSON  \nISBN: 978-91-7905-859-3  \n© OLIVER OLSSON, 2023  \nDoktorsavhandling vid Chalmers Tekniska Högskola Ny series nr 5325  \nISSN 0346-718XX  \nDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology  \nSE-412 96 Gothenburg Sweden  \nTelephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000  \nCover Image: A vague plan of how to, step-wise, go from an electrochromic material to a graphical display. The first of the two middle steps are to pairing the electrochromic material on a working electrode with a suitable counter electrode. The second is to utilize a gel/solid electrolyte thus making it an electrochromic device. The last step is to make a passive/active matrix.  \nPrinted by Chalmers Digitaltryck Gothenburg, Sweden, 2023  \nElectronic paper in color by electrochromic materials and plasmonics Oliver Olsson  \nDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology  \nAbstract  \nThe most common display today is emissive. It produces its own light and emits it to the viewer's eye. A reflective display, also known as electronic paper, uses ambient light and reflects it to the viewer, just like a newspaper. Electronic paper has some advantages over emissive displays such as: lower power consumption and readability in sunlight. Today, electronic papers in color lack a desirable color gamut - the colors look bad. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how structural colors, plasmonics and electrochromics can be used to increase the optical performance of electronic paper in color.  \nBy using structural colors (metal-insulator-metal) and plasmonics, we could create highly reflective color pixels. The pixels could be made to turn ON and OFF using electrochromic materials. In this thesis, conjugated polymers (PProDOT-Me2 and PProDOP) or tungsten oxide were employed. The reflection difference between the ON and OFF states was 60% . This was better than previously reported values for other electrochromic materials.  \nIf the electrochromic material instead was incorporated into the nanostructure (metalelectrochromics-metal), applying a voltage would then alter the color of the pixel. If tungsten oxide was used inside the structure, the color of one pixel could change, but it would not be able to span the whole visible spectra. If, instead, the conjugated polymer (PT34bT) was used inside the structure, the whole visible spectra could be accessed with one pixel.  \nTo create a real display, it is not enough to have one pixel that can change color. Millions of pixels ina grid are necessary. This poses a problem since each pixel needs to be individually contacted. This can be overcome by using a matrix configuration such as a passive matrix (PM) or an active matrix (AM) . This thesis investigates both these configurations. PM requires the color change to be strongly non-linear with the applied voltage. It must have memory such as hysteresis. This effect can be incorporated by utilizing an indium-tin-oxide electrode as a counter electrode to a metal working electrode coated with a conjugated polymer as electrochromic material. To avoid crosstalk between pixels, a photo patterned electrolyte was used.  \nCommercial thin-film transistor arrays were used for AM configuration. The red, green, and blue nanostructures were deposited on the array. The conjugated polymer PProDOT-Me2 is synthesized directly on individual pixels and switched without crosstalk.  \nKeywords: reflective display, conjugated polymers, PProDOT-Me2, plasmonic electronic paper, electrochromism, structural color, plasmonic  \nList of papers included  \nI. High-contrast switching of plasmonic structural colors: inorganic versus or","cbCaidS9DuBGEUVw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidS9DuBGEUVw","pdf",5807623,1,96,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Purpose and problem motivation\n# Color pixel design approaches\n# Passive matrix display requirements\n# Active matrix implementation\n# Keywords\n# List of included papers","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the thesis address for color electronic paper?\",\"answer\":\"Color electronic paper lacks a desirable color gamut, making the displayed colors look poor compared with the needs of practical color displays.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the thesis approaches switch the color pixels between states?\",\"answer\":\"Highly reflective color pixels are created using structural colors and plasmonics, while electrochromic materials enable switching between ON and OFF states through applied voltage.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are matrix configurations necessary beyond a single color-changing pixel?\",\"answer\":\"A real display requires millions of pixels arranged in a grid, which introduces individual electrical contacting challenges and potential pixel crosstalk—handled via passive or active matrix designs.\"}]","Electronic paper in color by electrochromic materials and plasmonics - 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