[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-639791-105":59,"doc-detail-639791-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","electrochemical-energy-storage-devices-batteries-supercapacitors-and-battery-supercapacitor-hybrid-devices","Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices - Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices","","Great energy consumption driven by population growth requires electrochemical energy storage devices with high power density, high energy density, and long cycle stability. Batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and battery–supercapacitor hybrid devices are key options. This review summarizes recent progress across these three device families, then details materials used to construct them. Finally, it proposes perspectives on future development directions to support further high-performance material design.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/electrochemical-energy-storage-devices-batteries-supercapacitors-and-battery-supercapacitor-hybrid-devices/639791/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/electrochemical-energy-storage-devices-batteries-supercapacitors-and-battery-supercapacitor-hybrid-devices/639791.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Melati","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What energy storage devices are covered in this review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review focuses on lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and battery–supercapacitor hybrid devices, without discussing fuel cells.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is the development of electrochemical energy storage devices important?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It addresses the demand created by rapidly growing energy consumption and supports storing renewable energy, which remains challenging.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are batteries described structurally and functionally?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A battery stores electrochemical energy using two electrodes (anode and cathode) separated by electrolytes, where redox reactions convert chemical energy into electrical energy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},639791,1793070929,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","[pubs.acs.org/acsaelm](pubs.acs.org/acsaelm)  Review   \nElectrochemical Energy Storage Devices􀀁Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Battery−Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices Lei Liu,\\# Xiyao Zhang,\\# Yanghe Liu, and Xiong Gong *  \n Cite This: ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2025, 7, 2233−2270  \nRead Online  \nDownloaded via VIETNAM NATL UNIV on April 4, 2026 at 05:40:56 (UTC) . See [https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines](https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines) for options on how to legitimately share published articles.  \nACCESS  \n Metrics & More  \n Article Recommendations  \nABSTRACT: Great energy consumption by the rapidly growing population has demanded the development of electrochemical energy storage devices with high power density, high energy density, and long cycle stability. Batteries (in particular, lithium-ion batteries), supercapacitors, and battery−supercapacitor hybrid devices are promising electrochemical energy storage devices. This review highlights recent progress in the development of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and battery−supercapacitor hybrid devices. Afterward, various materials applicable to create the above electrochemical energy storage devices are highlighted. Finally, we present our perspectives on the development directions of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and battery−supercapacitor hybrid devices. We hope that this review guides researchers in the further design of materials for developing lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and battery−supercapacitor hybrid devices with high performance.  \nKEYWORDS: Electrochemical energy storage, Lithium-ion batteries, Supercapacitors, Battery−supercapacitor hybrid devices, Power density, Energy density  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \n1.1. Overview. With the depletion of fossil fuels, the increasing concerns of global warming, and more and more commercial electric vehicles on the market, the generation and storage of renewable energy play a crucial role in the sustainable development of our society. 1,2 Various renewable energy generation devices have been developed for evolution, but how to store energy and make the best use of it are still challenges.3 Traditionally, the systems used for storage of electrochemical energy include batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors (SCs) . Recently, battery−supercapacitor hybrid devices (BSHDs) have also been developed for the storage of electrochemical energy. These devices play an important role in addressing the above-mentioned issues.4,5 In this review, we will solely focus on batteries, SCs, and BSHDs, without a discussion of fuel cells.  \nA battery is a unit cell that stores electrochemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. The battery consists of electrolytes sandwiched between two electrodes (anode and cathode). The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one electrode to another through an external circuit (or electric field). Scheme 1a displays the basic operation mechanisms of the batteries. Through redox reactions at the electrodes, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. Based on the model of an electric circuit, a battery is a closed system, with the anode and cathode being the charge-  \nScheme 1. Representation of a Battery (a) and Supercapacitor (b) Showing the Key Features of the Operation Mechanisma  \naReproduced with permission from ref 39. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.  \n\n| Received: January 10, 2025\u003Cbr>Revised: February 27, 2025\u003Cbr>Accepted: March 3, 2025\u003Cbr>Published: March 10, 2025 | |\n| --- | --- |\n\n© 2025 American Chemical Society  \n2233  \n[https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c00069](https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c00069)[ ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaelm.5c00069)[ACS Appl](ACS Appl). Electron. Mater. 2025, 7, 2233−2270  \nACS Applied Electronic Materials [pubs.acs.org/acsaelm](pubs.acs.org/acsaelm)  Review   \n\n| \u003Cbr>Figure 1. Ragone plots for representative energy storage devices of capacitors, batteries, and supercapacitors. Repri","cbCaiivkzxABKXVL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiivkzxABKXVL","pdf",5484791,38,"English","# 1. INTRODUCTION\n## 1.1. Overview\n## 1.1. Overview (continued)\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What energy storage devices are covered in this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and battery–supercapacitor hybrid devices, without discussing fuel cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the development of electrochemical energy storage devices important?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses the demand created by rapidly growing energy consumption and supports storing renewable energy, which remains challenging.\"},{\"question\":\"How are batteries described structurally and functionally?\",\"answer\":\"A battery stores electrochemical energy using two electrodes (anode and cathode) separated by electrolytes, where redox reactions convert chemical energy into electrical energy.\"}]","Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices - Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices | PDF",1792705483,96]