[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-426649-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-426649-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","electrical-properties-of-evaporated-polyacrylonitrile-films-section-1-introduction","Electrical Properties of Evaporated Polyacrylonitrile Films - Section 1 - Introduction","","JapaneseJournalof U.I.C.C Applied 28 1975 8 RY Physics VOL.14 No.6 JUNE 1975 June 1975 describes thin-film electrical behavior in evaporated polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Vacuum-deposited PAN films are semiconductive via heat treatment in N₂, and both electrical conductivity and Hall mobility are measured across temperatures. Conductivity rises while conduction activation energy drops with higher heat-treatment temperature; Hall mobility remains low and follows a similar activation energy. Hall measurements indicate n-type character, whereas thermoelectric power indicates p-type, suggesting hopping transport within localized states formed in the forbidden band.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/electrical-properties-of-evaporated-polyacrylonitrile-films-section-1-introduction/426649/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/electrical-properties-of-evaporated-polyacrylonitrile-films-section-1-introduction/426649.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Blitz","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How were polyacrylonitrile thin films made for electrical measurements?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Thin films of PAN were obtained by vacuum deposition, then made semiconductive through heat treatment in N₂. Electrical conductivity and Hall mobility were measured for films treated at various temperatures.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What temperature dependence was observed for conductivity and activation energy?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"With increasing heat-treatment temperature, electrical conductivity increases and the activation energy for conduction decreases. Hall mobility also increases with temperature and shows nearly the same activation energy as conductivity.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why do Hall measurements and thermoelectric power give different carrier types?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Hall measurements indicate n-type while thermoelectric power exhibits p-type, producing an n-p anomaly. The results suggest charge transport should be understood as hopping conduction via localized states formed in the forbidden band.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},426649,1790865362,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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Physical Society of Japan and the Japan Society of Applied Physics  \nPublication Board(Apr.1975-Mar.1976)  \nChairmanHiroo Kumagai  \nVice-ChairmanGoroh Tominaga  \nEditors in ChiefYutaka TuziHideji Suzuki  \nSecretaries  \nYasuo Sato  \nShinji Ogawa  \nTreasurers  \nShin-ichi HyodoShoichiro Koide  \nPublication ManagersEiichi GotoTakuo Sugano  \nSupervisorsHisao MiyazawaJumpei Tsujiuchi  \nJapanese Journal of Applied Physics  \nPublished monthly with the cooperation of the Physical Society of Japanand the Japan Society of Applied Physics.  \nEditorial Board(Apr.1975-Mar.1976)  \nEditors in ChiefY.Tuzi,H.Suzuki  \nEditors  \nT.Doke,M.Doyama,E.Fukada,C.Horie,S.Iida,  \nK.Ishiguro,K.Kinosita,J.Kobayashi,T.Koda,  \nE.Maruyama,S.Miyahara,H.Miyazawa,  \nY.Mizushima,S.Nagakura,H.Nagano,Y.Nakagawa,S.Namba,Y.Nannichi,H.Naruse,T.Niimi,T.Ninomiya,K.Shimoda,T.Sugano,H.Takeyama,S.Tanaka,T.Uchida,R.Uyeda,K.Yasukochi,  \nR.Yokota  \nSubscription Rate  \n(1975,Jan.-Dec.)  \n(for non-members,postage covered)Annual.....¥20,000 Single copy......¥2,000  \nMembers of the Physical Society of Japan or of the JapanSociety of Applied Physics can obtain the Journal at areduced rate.  \nPublication OfficeJapanese Journal of Applied Physics  \n2nd TOYO KAIJI BUILDING4-24-8,SHINBASHI,MINATO-KUTOKYO 105 JAPAN  \nCopyright C1975 by the Publication Board,Japanese Journal of Applied Physics.All rights reserved.  \nThis publication is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Researchfrom the Ministry of Education.  \n# Electrical Properties of Evaporated Polyacrylonitrile Films\n\nThin films of polyacrylonitrile obtained by vacuum deposition were made semiconductive bythe heat-treatment in N₂.Electrical conductivity and Hall mobility have been measured for thefilms heat-treated at various temperatures.Conductivity increases and the activation energy forconduction decreases with increasing heat-treatment temperature.Hall mobility is small(10-¹～10-⁴cm²/V.s)and has nearly the same activation energy as that of conductivity.Hall measure-ments indicate the evaporated films to be n-type while the thermoelectric power exhibits p-type.These results suggest that the conduction should be understood in terms of the hopping trans-port ofcharge carriers in the localized states which are formed in the forbidden band by randomnetworks of conjugate double bond systems of carbon to carbon and carbon to nitrogen.  \n# §1.Introduction\n\nMany studies of organic semiconductors havebeen performed,1,2)but the carrier transportmechanisms are not yet clear,especially inpolymeric semiconductors such as heat-treatedpolyacrylonitrile (PAN).It is known that PANbecomes semiconductive with heat-treatment.Electrical properties of PAN have been meas-ured for specimens prepared by various meth-ods such as solution growth,³pressure mold,4)discharge in monomer vapor,5etc.  \nElectrical conductivity of PAN is con-sidered to originate from π electrons in theconjugate double bond systems of >C=C\u003Cand>C=N—which are formed by the heat-treatment.6)The samples with different resis-tivities are easily obtained because the forma-tion of the conjugate double bond systems iscontrolled by changing the heat-treatmenttemperature.This is useful for practical uses.  \nBrennan et al.regarded the heat-treatedPAN as an intrinsic semiconductor fromthe temperature dependence of thermoelectricpower,⁴)although it exhibits p-type.Opticalproperties such as absorption spectra andphotoconductivity spectra have been meas-ured by Ohigashi³)and Hirai and Nakada.5)They also regarded the heat-treated PAN asan intrinsic semiconductor.These investiga-tions are based on the concept that the energyband model can be applied to the heat-treatedPAN and conductivity has been considered tobe caused by electrons and holes which arethermally activated across the band gap.However,experimental results inconsistent  \nMasakuni SUZUKI,Kiyohide TAK","cbCaiblmstOB5H4r","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiblmstOB5H4r","pdf",15462835,190,"English","# Electrical Properties of Evaporated Polyacrylonitrile Films\n## §1. Introduction\n## §2. Sample Preparation","[{\"question\":\"How were polyacrylonitrile thin films made for electrical measurements?\",\"answer\":\"Thin films of PAN were obtained by vacuum deposition, then made semiconductive through heat treatment in N₂. Electrical conductivity and Hall mobility were measured for films treated at various temperatures.\"},{\"question\":\"What temperature dependence was observed for conductivity and activation energy?\",\"answer\":\"With increasing heat-treatment temperature, electrical conductivity increases and the activation energy for conduction decreases. Hall mobility also increases with temperature and shows nearly the same activation energy as conductivity.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do Hall measurements and thermoelectric power give different carrier types?\",\"answer\":\"Hall measurements indicate n-type while thermoelectric power exhibits p-type, producing an n-p anomaly. The results suggest charge transport should be understood as hopping conduction via localized states formed in the forbidden band.\"}]","Electrical Properties of Evaporated Polyacrylonitrile Films - Section 1 - Introduction | PDF",1790641286,479]