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This cross-sectional observational study evaluated upper GI alterations using upper GI endoscopy and biopsies from the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in 108 SLT users and 90 non-tobacco controls between March 2022 and February 2023. Results showed erosive and ulcerative lesions, Barrett’s esophagus, and neoplastic findings, with chronic gastritis/duodenitis and higher Helicobacter pylori infection in SLT users, supporting routine endoscopic evaluation for chronic dyspepsia.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/effects-of-smokeless-tobacco-use-on-the-upper-gastrointestinal-tract-mucosa-gross-and-histopathological-changes/372382/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/effects-of-smokeless-tobacco-use-on-the-upper-gastrointestinal-tract-mucosa-gross-and-histopathological-changes/372382.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the aim of the study on smokeless tobacco users?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To assess upper gastrointestinal tract changes in smokeless tobacco (SLT) users through upper GI endoscopy and biopsy-based evaluation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were participants grouped for comparison?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Participants were divided into three groups: non-SLT users (Group A), SLT users for \u003C10 years (Group B), and SLT users for >10 years (Group C), compared with controls who did not use tobacco.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What key findings were observed in SLT users versus controls?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"SLT users showed more frequent erosive and ulcerative lesions, Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal neoplasms, common biopsy findings of chronic gastritis and duodenitis, and a significantly higher Helicobacter pylori infection rate, with gastric ulcers particularly increased in the >10-year group.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},372382,1790493118,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","| Original Article |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\nEffects of Smokeless Tobacco Use on the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Mucosa: Gross and Histopathological  \nChanges  \nBhumika Vaishnav, Anjitha S. Valiyil1, Shubhangi Anand1, Anushka Ghosal1, Ruchitha Pailla, Gayatri R. Nair2  \nDepartments of Medicine and 2Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, 1Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and  \nResearch Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Aim: Tobacco addiction is prevalent in South and Southeast Asia. This study aimed to assess upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract changes in smokeless tobacco (SLT) users through upper GI endoscopy (UGIE) . Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional observational study, including 108 SLT users and 90 controls who did not use tobacco, was conducted at an Indian tertiary care hospital from March 2022 to February 2023. Participants were categorized into three groups: Non‑SLT users (Group A), SLT users for \u003C10 years (Group B), and SLT users for >10 years (Group C) . UGIE and biopsies from the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were performed, noting gross and pathological findings. Results: There were 89 males and 19 females. More than 60% of patients used SLT for more than 10 years. Grossly, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the esophagus and stomach were the most common findings. Barrett’s esophagus (14/108 patients) and esophageal neoplasms (5/108 patients) were found in 19/108 patients (17.59%). Common biopsy findings were chronic gastritis and duodenitis. Group C had a significantly high finding of gastric ulcers compared to other 2 groups. A total of 68/108 SLT users (62.96%) had Helicobacter pylori infection which was significantly higher compared to the controls (P \u003C 0.05) . Conclusion: Chronic SLT use was found to be associated with gross and histological changes in the upper GI tract such as chronic erosions, peptic ulcers, and neoplastic growths. UGIE must be done routinely in all these patients whenever they develop chronic dyspepsia for early diagnosis and management.  \nKeywords: Endoscopy, gastritis, gastrointestinal neoplasm, stomach ulcer, tobacco smokeless, upper gastrointestinal tract membrane perforation  \nRésumé  \nContexte/Objectif: Le tabagisme sans fumée est très répandu en Asie du Sud et du Sud‑Est. Cette étude visait à évaluer les modifications du tractus gastro‑intestinal supérieur chez les consommateurs de tabac sans fumée (TSF) par endoscopie digestive haute. Matériels etMéthodes: Une étude observationnelle transversale, incluant 108 utilisateurs de TSF et 90 témoins ne consommant pas de tabac, a été menée dans un hôpital de soins tertiaires en Inde de mars 2022 à février 2023. Les participants ont été répartis en trois groupes : non‑utilisateurs de TSF (groupe A),  \nutilisateurs de TSF depuis moins de 10 ans (groupe B) et utilisateurs deTSF depuis plus de 10 ans (groupe C). L’endoscopie digestive haute et les biopsies de la partie inférieure de l’œsophage, de l’estomacet du duodénum ont été réalisées, et les résultats macroscopiqueset histopathologiques ont été notés. Résultats: L’étude comprenait 89 hommes et 19 femmes. Plus de 60 % des patients utilisaientle TSF depuis plus de 10 ans. Les lésions érosives et ulcéreuses de l’œsophage et de l’estomac étaient les constatations les plus fréquentes. L’œsophage de Barrett (14/108 patients) et les néoplasmes œsophagiens (5/108 patients) ont été retrouvés chez 19/108 patients (17,59 %) . Les biopsies ont souvent révélé une gastrite chronique et  \n\n| Access this article online |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Quick Response Code:\u003Cbr>| Website:\u003Cbr>[www.annalsafrmed.org](www.annalsafrmed.org) |\n|  | DOI:\u003Cbr>10.4103/aam.aam_292_24 |\n\nAddress for correspondence: Dr. Bhumika Vaishnav,  \nDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Affiliated with Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pune ‑ 411 018, Maharashtra, India.  \nE‑mail: [bhumika.d","cbCailBID2J7fDFf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailBID2J7fDFf","pdf",408207,"English","# Abstract\n## Background/Aim\n## Materials and Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the aim of the study on smokeless tobacco users?\",\"answer\":\"To assess upper gastrointestinal tract changes in smokeless tobacco (SLT) users through upper GI endoscopy and biopsy-based evaluation.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants grouped for comparison?\",\"answer\":\"Participants were divided into three groups: non-SLT users (Group A), SLT users for \\u003c10 years (Group B), and SLT users for \\u003e10 years (Group C), compared with controls who did not use tobacco.\"},{\"question\":\"What key findings were observed in SLT users versus controls?\",\"answer\":\"SLT users showed more frequent erosive and ulcerative lesions, Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal neoplasms, common biopsy findings of chronic gastritis and duodenitis, and a significantly higher Helicobacter pylori infection rate, with gastric ulcers particularly increased in the \\u003e10-year group.\"}]","Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Use on the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Mucosa: Gross and Histopathological Changes | PDF",1790194386,15]